The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages
<i>Michelia maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ (<i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’) is one of the most popular ornamental plants. However, relatively little is known regarding its floral development. Here, the variations of the mineral, endogenous hormone, and non-structural carbohydrate (NS...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1198 |
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| author | Ting Yu Yao Yang Hongrui Wang Wenzhang Qian Yunyi Hu Shun Gao Hai Liao |
| author_facet | Ting Yu Yao Yang Hongrui Wang Wenzhang Qian Yunyi Hu Shun Gao Hai Liao |
| author_sort | Ting Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Michelia maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ (<i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’) is one of the most popular ornamental plants. However, relatively little is known regarding its floral development. Here, the variations of the mineral, endogenous hormone, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents in the petals and gynoecium and androecium (GA) at five developmental stages during <i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ flower development were analyzed. The results suggested that the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) endogenous hormones, NSC contents, and C/N/P stoichiometric ratios exhibit large variations during flower development. There were significant differences in N and P contents in the GA and petals among the five growth stages, while C contents did not change significantly. In the five flower development stages, the average N and P contents in the GA were higher than those in the petals. The maximum C/N and N/P ratios in the GA and petals were foundat the senescent flower stage (stage5) and green bud stage (stage1), respectively. The C/P ratio in petals reached its maximum value at the mature bud stage (stage 2), and the C/P ratio in the GA reached its maximum value at the senescent flower stage (stage 5). The C/N/P stoichiometric ratios in the petals were more sensitive to development stages than those in the GA. There were highly significant correlations between the NSC and C/N/P stoichiometric ratios in the GAand petals. Moreover, acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and cytokinin (CTK) contents in the petals exhibited significant changes in response to development stages. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant correlations and clear differences in the test indexes between the development stage and organs, and the variation was explained by PC-1 (55.6%), PC-2 (23.3%), and the cumulative contribution percentage of the total biplot (78.9%). These studies can lay the foundation for elucidating the requirements and dynamic balance among C, N, P, NSC, and hormone contents during the flower development of <i>M. maudiae</i>‘ Rubicunda’. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:00Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7681750980e4478dac74286d699e78482023-11-24T14:45:13ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-11-01911119810.3390/horticulturae9111198The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development StagesTing Yu0Yao Yang1Hongrui Wang2Wenzhang Qian3Yunyi Hu4Shun Gao5Hai Liao6School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, ChinaDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China<i>Michelia maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ (<i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’) is one of the most popular ornamental plants. However, relatively little is known regarding its floral development. Here, the variations of the mineral, endogenous hormone, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents in the petals and gynoecium and androecium (GA) at five developmental stages during <i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ flower development were analyzed. The results suggested that the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) endogenous hormones, NSC contents, and C/N/P stoichiometric ratios exhibit large variations during flower development. There were significant differences in N and P contents in the GA and petals among the five growth stages, while C contents did not change significantly. In the five flower development stages, the average N and P contents in the GA were higher than those in the petals. The maximum C/N and N/P ratios in the GA and petals were foundat the senescent flower stage (stage5) and green bud stage (stage1), respectively. The C/P ratio in petals reached its maximum value at the mature bud stage (stage 2), and the C/P ratio in the GA reached its maximum value at the senescent flower stage (stage 5). The C/N/P stoichiometric ratios in the petals were more sensitive to development stages than those in the GA. There were highly significant correlations between the NSC and C/N/P stoichiometric ratios in the GAand petals. Moreover, acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), and cytokinin (CTK) contents in the petals exhibited significant changes in response to development stages. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant correlations and clear differences in the test indexes between the development stage and organs, and the variation was explained by PC-1 (55.6%), PC-2 (23.3%), and the cumulative contribution percentage of the total biplot (78.9%). These studies can lay the foundation for elucidating the requirements and dynamic balance among C, N, P, NSC, and hormone contents during the flower development of <i>M. maudiae</i>‘ Rubicunda’.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1198<i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’flower developmentnon-structural carbohydratesstoichiometryphenological growth stages |
| spellingShingle | Ting Yu Yao Yang Hongrui Wang Wenzhang Qian Yunyi Hu Shun Gao Hai Liao The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages Horticulturae <i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ flower development non-structural carbohydrates stoichiometry phenological growth stages |
| title | The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages |
| title_full | The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages |
| title_fullStr | The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages |
| title_short | The Variations of C/N/P Stoichiometry, Endogenous Hormones, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents in <i>Micheliamaudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ Flower at Five Development Stages |
| title_sort | variations of c n p stoichiometry endogenous hormones and non structural carbohydrate contents in i micheliamaudiae i rubicunda flower at five development stages |
| topic | <i>M. maudiae</i> ‘Rubicunda’ flower development non-structural carbohydrates stoichiometry phenological growth stages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1198 |
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