Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in which communication and behavior are affected. A number of studies have investigated potential biomarkers, including uremic toxins. The aim of our study was to determine uremic toxins in the urine of children with ASD (143) and co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7078 |
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| author | Joško Osredkar Barbara Žvar Baškovič Petra Finderle Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak Paulina Gątarek Angelina Rosiak Joanna Giebułtowicz Maja Jekovec Vrhovšek Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska |
| author_facet | Joško Osredkar Barbara Žvar Baškovič Petra Finderle Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak Paulina Gątarek Angelina Rosiak Joanna Giebułtowicz Maja Jekovec Vrhovšek Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska |
| author_sort | Joško Osredkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in which communication and behavior are affected. A number of studies have investigated potential biomarkers, including uremic toxins. The aim of our study was to determine uremic toxins in the urine of children with ASD (143) and compare the results with healthy children (48). Uremic toxins were determined with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. We observed higher levels of p-cresyl sulphate (pCS) and indoxyl sulphate (IS) in the ASD group compared to the controls. Moreover, the toxin levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were lower in ASD patients. Similarly, for pCS and IS in children classified, according to the intensity of their symptoms, into mild, moderate, and severe, elevated levels of these compounds were observed. For mild severity of the disorder, elevated levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA for ASD children as compared to the controls were observed in the urine. For moderate severity of ASD, significantly elevated levels of TMAO but reduced levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in the urine of ASD children as compared to the controls. When the results obtained for severe ASD severity were considered, reduced levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in ASD children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-768fd3633cdf4f77a0939e8d69fbc8c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-768fd3633cdf4f77a0939e8d69fbc8c82023-11-17T19:34:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01248707810.3390/ijms24087078Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASDJoško Osredkar0Barbara Žvar Baškovič1Petra Finderle2Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak3Paulina Gątarek4Angelina Rosiak5Joanna Giebułtowicz6Maja Jekovec Vrhovšek7Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska8Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Njegoseva 4, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Njegoseva 4, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Njegoseva 4, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, PolandInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandCenter for Autism, Unit of Child Psychiatry, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška c.002, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, PolandAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in which communication and behavior are affected. A number of studies have investigated potential biomarkers, including uremic toxins. The aim of our study was to determine uremic toxins in the urine of children with ASD (143) and compare the results with healthy children (48). Uremic toxins were determined with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. We observed higher levels of p-cresyl sulphate (pCS) and indoxyl sulphate (IS) in the ASD group compared to the controls. Moreover, the toxin levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were lower in ASD patients. Similarly, for pCS and IS in children classified, according to the intensity of their symptoms, into mild, moderate, and severe, elevated levels of these compounds were observed. For mild severity of the disorder, elevated levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA for ASD children as compared to the controls were observed in the urine. For moderate severity of ASD, significantly elevated levels of TMAO but reduced levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in the urine of ASD children as compared to the controls. When the results obtained for severe ASD severity were considered, reduced levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in ASD children.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7078uremic toxinsASDdegree of deficit |
| spellingShingle | Joško Osredkar Barbara Žvar Baškovič Petra Finderle Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak Paulina Gątarek Angelina Rosiak Joanna Giebułtowicz Maja Jekovec Vrhovšek Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD International Journal of Molecular Sciences uremic toxins ASD degree of deficit |
| title | Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD |
| title_full | Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD |
| title_short | Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD |
| title_sort | relationship between excreted uremic toxins and degree of disorder of children with asd |
| topic | uremic toxins ASD degree of deficit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7078 |
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