Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola
(1) Background: Angola is among the high-burden countries with malaria cases globally. After 2013, we suspected an increase in the number of malaria cases in Cubal (Angola), previously in decline. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rate in Cubal, overall and by neighborhood, for 2014, 2015,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/2/96 |
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| author | Eva Gil Olivas Andreu Bruguera Arlete Nindia E. Eugenio João José Nunda Armindo Tchiyanga Fernando Graça Ekavo Adriano Cambali Milagros Moreno Cristina Bocanegra García Maria Luísa Aznar Fernando Salvador Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá Israel Molina |
| author_facet | Eva Gil Olivas Andreu Bruguera Arlete Nindia E. Eugenio João José Nunda Armindo Tchiyanga Fernando Graça Ekavo Adriano Cambali Milagros Moreno Cristina Bocanegra García Maria Luísa Aznar Fernando Salvador Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá Israel Molina |
| author_sort | Eva Gil Olivas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Angola is among the high-burden countries with malaria cases globally. After 2013, we suspected an increase in the number of malaria cases in Cubal (Angola), previously in decline. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rate in Cubal, overall and by neighborhood, for 2014, 2015, and 2016. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed in Cubal (Angola) from January 2014 to December 2016, including all patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis, treated at Cubal’s Hospitals for this period of time. The principal variables calculated were the incidence rates of 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Cubal (overall and by neighborhood). (3) Results: There were 3249 malaria cases. The incidence rates were 2.27, 10.73, and 12.40 cases per 1000 inhabitants in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. In the neighborhood, Hamavoko-Kasseke, there was a 10.73-fold increase in incidence during this period. Additionally, Hamavoko-Kasseke presents an anomalous distribution of malaria cases. (4) Conclusions: We observed an increase in the incidence of malaria in Cubal during the three-year study period. The case distribution was highly heterogeneous with hyperendemic areas, and we found a chronobiological association between the construction of a civil engineering project. This information could be useful for deciding which malaria control strategies must be implemented in this area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:02:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-769542778a8c4735ab99f7f697402406 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:02:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-769542778a8c4735ab99f7f6974024062023-11-16T23:39:52ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662023-02-01829610.3390/tropicalmed8020096Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, AngolaEva Gil Olivas0Andreu Bruguera1Arlete Nindia E. Eugenio2João José Nunda3Armindo Tchiyanga4Fernando Graça Ekavo5Adriano Cambali6Milagros Moreno7Cristina Bocanegra García8Maria Luísa Aznar9Fernando Salvador10Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá11Israel Molina12International Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainPreventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, SpainHospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal 690, AngolaHospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal 690, AngolaHospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal 690, AngolaHospital Municipal, Cubal 615, AngolaPublic Health Department, Cubal 610, AngolaHospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal 690, AngolaInternational Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainInternational Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainInternational Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainInternational Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainInternational Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain(1) Background: Angola is among the high-burden countries with malaria cases globally. After 2013, we suspected an increase in the number of malaria cases in Cubal (Angola), previously in decline. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rate in Cubal, overall and by neighborhood, for 2014, 2015, and 2016. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed in Cubal (Angola) from January 2014 to December 2016, including all patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis, treated at Cubal’s Hospitals for this period of time. The principal variables calculated were the incidence rates of 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Cubal (overall and by neighborhood). (3) Results: There were 3249 malaria cases. The incidence rates were 2.27, 10.73, and 12.40 cases per 1000 inhabitants in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. In the neighborhood, Hamavoko-Kasseke, there was a 10.73-fold increase in incidence during this period. Additionally, Hamavoko-Kasseke presents an anomalous distribution of malaria cases. (4) Conclusions: We observed an increase in the incidence of malaria in Cubal during the three-year study period. The case distribution was highly heterogeneous with hyperendemic areas, and we found a chronobiological association between the construction of a civil engineering project. This information could be useful for deciding which malaria control strategies must be implemented in this area.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/2/96malariaAngolaBenguelaincidence ratecivil engineering |
| spellingShingle | Eva Gil Olivas Andreu Bruguera Arlete Nindia E. Eugenio João José Nunda Armindo Tchiyanga Fernando Graça Ekavo Adriano Cambali Milagros Moreno Cristina Bocanegra García Maria Luísa Aznar Fernando Salvador Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá Israel Molina Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease malaria Angola Benguela incidence rate civil engineering |
| title | Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola |
| title_full | Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola |
| title_fullStr | Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola |
| title_full_unstemmed | Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola |
| title_short | Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola |
| title_sort | civil engineering and malaria risk a descriptive study in a rural area of cubal angola |
| topic | malaria Angola Benguela incidence rate civil engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/8/2/96 |
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