Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets
This study analyzes the air–water flow properties in overflow nappe jets. Data were measured in several cross-sections of rectangular free-falling jets downstream of a sharp-crested weir, with a maximum fall distance of 2.0 m. The flow properties were obtained using a conductivity phase-detection pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1593 |
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| author | José M. Carrillo Patricio R. Ortega Luis G. Castillo Juan T. García |
| author_facet | José M. Carrillo Patricio R. Ortega Luis G. Castillo Juan T. García |
| author_sort | José M. Carrillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study analyzes the air–water flow properties in overflow nappe jets. Data were measured in several cross-sections of rectangular free-falling jets downstream of a sharp-crested weir, with a maximum fall distance of 2.0 m. The flow properties were obtained using a conductivity phase-detection probe. Furthermore, a back-flushing Pitot-Prandtl probe was used in order to obtain the velocity profiles. Five specific flows rates were analyzed, from 0.024 to 0.096 m<sup>3</sup>/s/m. The measurements of the air–water flow allowed us to characterize the increment of the air entrainment during the fall, affecting the flow characteristic distributions, reducing the non-aerated water inner core, and increasing the lateral spread, thereby leading to changes in the jet thickness. The results showed slight differences between the upper and lower nappe trajectories. The experimental data of the jet thickness related to a local void fraction of 50% seemed to be similar to the jet thickness due only to gravitational effects until the break-up length was reached. The amount of energy tended to remain constant until the falling distance was over 15 times greater than the total energy head over the weir crest, a distance at which the entrained air affected the entire cross-section, and the non-aerated core tended to disappear. The new experiments related with air–water properties in free-falling jets allow us to improve the current knowledge of turbulent rectangular jets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7696948236294141a46a34f568807997 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7696948236294141a46a34f5688079972023-11-21T22:55:18ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-06-011311159310.3390/w13111593Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling JetsJosé M. Carrillo0Patricio R. Ortega1Luis G. Castillo2Juan T. García3Hidr@m Group, Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, SpainHidr@m Group, Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, SpainHidr@m Group, Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, SpainHidr@m Group, Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, SpainThis study analyzes the air–water flow properties in overflow nappe jets. Data were measured in several cross-sections of rectangular free-falling jets downstream of a sharp-crested weir, with a maximum fall distance of 2.0 m. The flow properties were obtained using a conductivity phase-detection probe. Furthermore, a back-flushing Pitot-Prandtl probe was used in order to obtain the velocity profiles. Five specific flows rates were analyzed, from 0.024 to 0.096 m<sup>3</sup>/s/m. The measurements of the air–water flow allowed us to characterize the increment of the air entrainment during the fall, affecting the flow characteristic distributions, reducing the non-aerated water inner core, and increasing the lateral spread, thereby leading to changes in the jet thickness. The results showed slight differences between the upper and lower nappe trajectories. The experimental data of the jet thickness related to a local void fraction of 50% seemed to be similar to the jet thickness due only to gravitational effects until the break-up length was reached. The amount of energy tended to remain constant until the falling distance was over 15 times greater than the total energy head over the weir crest, a distance at which the entrained air affected the entire cross-section, and the non-aerated core tended to disappear. The new experiments related with air–water properties in free-falling jets allow us to improve the current knowledge of turbulent rectangular jets.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1593air entrainmentair–water flowconductivity phase-detection probefree-falling jets |
| spellingShingle | José M. Carrillo Patricio R. Ortega Luis G. Castillo Juan T. García Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets Water air entrainment air–water flow conductivity phase-detection probe free-falling jets |
| title | Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets |
| title_full | Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets |
| title_fullStr | Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets |
| title_short | Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets |
| title_sort | air water properties in rectangular free falling jets |
| topic | air entrainment air–water flow conductivity phase-detection probe free-falling jets |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/11/1593 |
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