Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems
Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether au...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/10/530 |
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| author | Shima Tavakol Milad Ashrafizadeh Shuo Deng Maryam Azarian Asghar Abdoli Mahsa Motavaf Delaram Poormoghadam Hashem Khanbabaei Elham Ghasemipour Afshar Ali Mandegary Abbas Pardakhty Celestial T. Yap Reza Mohammadinejad Alan Prem Kumar |
| author_facet | Shima Tavakol Milad Ashrafizadeh Shuo Deng Maryam Azarian Asghar Abdoli Mahsa Motavaf Delaram Poormoghadam Hashem Khanbabaei Elham Ghasemipour Afshar Ali Mandegary Abbas Pardakhty Celestial T. Yap Reza Mohammadinejad Alan Prem Kumar |
| author_sort | Shima Tavakol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:19:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76986cc5a4b64371a23ddf0d2c563790 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:19:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-76986cc5a4b64371a23ddf0d2c5637902022-12-21T20:48:04ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2019-09-0191053010.3390/biom9100530biom9100530Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery SystemsShima Tavakol0Milad Ashrafizadeh1Shuo Deng2Maryam Azarian3Asghar Abdoli4Mahsa Motavaf5Delaram Poormoghadam6Hashem Khanbabaei7Elham Ghasemipour Afshar8Ali Mandegary9Abbas Pardakhty10Celestial T. Yap11Reza Mohammadinejad12Alan Prem Kumar13Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1449614525, IranDepartment of basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 1455742, IranDepartment of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, SingaporeDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, IranDepartment of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, IranDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, IranDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran P.O. Box 1916893813, IranMedical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 7616911319, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 7616911319, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 7616911319, IranDepartment of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, SingaporePharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 1355576169, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117 600, SingaporeAutophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/10/530autophagymtorampknanocarrierscombination therapycancersirna |
| spellingShingle | Shima Tavakol Milad Ashrafizadeh Shuo Deng Maryam Azarian Asghar Abdoli Mahsa Motavaf Delaram Poormoghadam Hashem Khanbabaei Elham Ghasemipour Afshar Ali Mandegary Abbas Pardakhty Celestial T. Yap Reza Mohammadinejad Alan Prem Kumar Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems Biomolecules autophagy mtor ampk nanocarriers combination therapy cancer sirna |
| title | Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_full | Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_fullStr | Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_short | Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_sort | autophagy modulators mechanistic aspects and drug delivery systems |
| topic | autophagy mtor ampk nanocarriers combination therapy cancer sirna |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/10/530 |
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