Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole
Clinically, air insoles may be applied to shoes to decrease plantar pressure gradient (PPG) and increase plantar gradient angle (PGA) to reduce foot ulcers. PPG and PGA may cause skin breakdown. The effects of different inner pressures of inflatable air insoles on dynamic PPG and PGA distributions a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353888/full |
| _version_ | 1827321104801202176 |
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| author | Fahni Haris Fahni Haris Yih-Kuen Jan Ben-Yi Liau Chang-Wei Hsieh Wei-Cheng Shen Chien-Cheng Tai Yin-Hwa Shih Chi-Wen Lung Chi-Wen Lung |
| author_facet | Fahni Haris Fahni Haris Yih-Kuen Jan Ben-Yi Liau Chang-Wei Hsieh Wei-Cheng Shen Chien-Cheng Tai Yin-Hwa Shih Chi-Wen Lung Chi-Wen Lung |
| author_sort | Fahni Haris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clinically, air insoles may be applied to shoes to decrease plantar pressure gradient (PPG) and increase plantar gradient angle (PGA) to reduce foot ulcers. PPG and PGA may cause skin breakdown. The effects of different inner pressures of inflatable air insoles on dynamic PPG and PGA distributions are largely unknown in non-diabetics and people with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the impact of varying inner air insole pressures on PPG and PGA to establish early mitigation strategies for people at risk of foot ulcers. A repeated measures study design, including three air insoles (80 mmHg, 160 mmHg, and 240 mmHg) and two walking durations (10 and 20 min) for a total of six walking protocols, was tested on 13 healthy participants (height, 165.8 ± 8.4 cm; age, 27.0 ± 7.3 years; and weight, 56.0 ± 7.9 kg, BMI: 20.3 ± 1.7 kg/m^2) over three consecutive weeks. PPG, a measurement of the spatial variation in plantar pressure around the peak plantar pressure (PPP) and PGA, a variation in the gradient direction values at the three plantar regions, big toe (T1), first metatarsal head (M1), and second metatarsal head (M2), were calculated. This study indicated that PPG was lower at 80 mmHg air insoles after 20 min of walking in the M1 region (p = 0.010). The PGA in the M2 increased at an air insole of 80 mmHg compared to 240 mmHg (p = 0.015). Compared to 20 min, the 10 min walking duration at 240 mmHg of air insole had the lowest PPG in the M1 (p = 0.015) and M2 (p = 0.034) regions. The 80 mmHg air insole significantly lowered the PPG compared to a 160 mmHg and 240 mmHg air insole. Moreover, the 80 mmHg air insole significantly decreased PPP and increased PGA compared to the 160 mmHg and 240 mmHg air insole. A shorter walking period (10 min) significantly lowered PPG. The findings of this study suggest that people with a higher risk of foot ulcers should wear softer air insoles to have a lower PPG, as well as an increased PGA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:00:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-769d0631ccb04655a11a50817e735849 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:00:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-769d0631ccb04655a11a50817e7358492024-03-11T04:53:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852024-03-011210.3389/fbioe.2024.13538881353888Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insoleFahni Haris0Fahni Haris1Yih-Kuen Jan2Ben-Yi Liau3Chang-Wei Hsieh4Wei-Cheng Shen5Chien-Cheng Tai6Yin-Hwa Shih7Chi-Wen Lung8Chi-Wen Lung9Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, TaiwanSchool of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaRehabilitation Engineering Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United StatesDepartment of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Digital Media Design, Asia University, Taichung, TaiwanInternational Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, TaiwanRehabilitation Engineering Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United StatesDepartment of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung, TaiwanClinically, air insoles may be applied to shoes to decrease plantar pressure gradient (PPG) and increase plantar gradient angle (PGA) to reduce foot ulcers. PPG and PGA may cause skin breakdown. The effects of different inner pressures of inflatable air insoles on dynamic PPG and PGA distributions are largely unknown in non-diabetics and people with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the impact of varying inner air insole pressures on PPG and PGA to establish early mitigation strategies for people at risk of foot ulcers. A repeated measures study design, including three air insoles (80 mmHg, 160 mmHg, and 240 mmHg) and two walking durations (10 and 20 min) for a total of six walking protocols, was tested on 13 healthy participants (height, 165.8 ± 8.4 cm; age, 27.0 ± 7.3 years; and weight, 56.0 ± 7.9 kg, BMI: 20.3 ± 1.7 kg/m^2) over three consecutive weeks. PPG, a measurement of the spatial variation in plantar pressure around the peak plantar pressure (PPP) and PGA, a variation in the gradient direction values at the three plantar regions, big toe (T1), first metatarsal head (M1), and second metatarsal head (M2), were calculated. This study indicated that PPG was lower at 80 mmHg air insoles after 20 min of walking in the M1 region (p = 0.010). The PGA in the M2 increased at an air insole of 80 mmHg compared to 240 mmHg (p = 0.015). Compared to 20 min, the 10 min walking duration at 240 mmHg of air insole had the lowest PPG in the M1 (p = 0.015) and M2 (p = 0.034) regions. The 80 mmHg air insole significantly lowered the PPG compared to a 160 mmHg and 240 mmHg air insole. Moreover, the 80 mmHg air insole significantly decreased PPP and increased PGA compared to the 160 mmHg and 240 mmHg air insole. A shorter walking period (10 min) significantly lowered PPG. The findings of this study suggest that people with a higher risk of foot ulcers should wear softer air insoles to have a lower PPG, as well as an increased PGA.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353888/fulldiabetic foot ulcerbig toemetatarsal headwalking exercisewalking duration |
| spellingShingle | Fahni Haris Fahni Haris Yih-Kuen Jan Ben-Yi Liau Chang-Wei Hsieh Wei-Cheng Shen Chien-Cheng Tai Yin-Hwa Shih Chi-Wen Lung Chi-Wen Lung Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology diabetic foot ulcer big toe metatarsal head walking exercise walking duration |
| title | Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole |
| title_full | Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole |
| title_fullStr | Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole |
| title_short | Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole |
| title_sort | plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole |
| topic | diabetic foot ulcer big toe metatarsal head walking exercise walking duration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353888/full |
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