| Summary: | Niranjan J Sathianathen,1 Suprita Krishna,1 J Kyle Anderson,1,2 Christopher J Weight,1,2 Shilpa Gupta,2,3 Badrinath R Konety,1,2 Thomas S Griffith1,2,4,5 1Department of Urology, 2Masonic Cancer Center, 3Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, 4Center for Immunology, 5Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Abstract: The management of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) represents an important clinical challenge. Since being approved in the early 1990s, aspecific immunotherapy has been a mainstay of treatment for mRCC and the only therapy that has demonstrated long-term cures for mRCC. However, in recent times there have been landmark advances made in the field of specific immunotherapy for a number of malignancies, including kidney cancer. This review outlines the range of immunobased agents currently available for the treatment of mRCC. Keywords: immunotherapy, cryosurgery, kidney neoplasm, vaccines, targeted therapy, immunocheckpoints
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