The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System
The fossil-based energy system is transitioning towards a renewable energy system. One important aspect is the spatial and temporal mismatch between intermitted supply and continuous demand. To ensure a reliable and affordable energy system, we propose an integrated system approach that integrates e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2616 |
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| author | Els van der Roest Theo Fens Martin Bloemendal Stijn Beernink Jan Peter van der Hoek Ad J. M. van Wijk |
| author_facet | Els van der Roest Theo Fens Martin Bloemendal Stijn Beernink Jan Peter van der Hoek Ad J. M. van Wijk |
| author_sort | Els van der Roest |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fossil-based energy system is transitioning towards a renewable energy system. One important aspect is the spatial and temporal mismatch between intermitted supply and continuous demand. To ensure a reliable and affordable energy system, we propose an integrated system approach that integrates electricity production, mobility, heating of buildings and water management with a major role for storage and conversion. The minimization of energy transport in such an integrated system indicates the need for local optimization. This study focuses on a comparison between different novel system designs for neighborhood energy and water systems with varying modes of system integration, including all-electric, power-to-heat and power-to-hydrogen. A simulation model is developed to determine the energy and water balance and carry out economic analysis to calculate the system costs of various scenarios. We show that system costs are the lowest in a scenario that combines a hydrogen boiler and heat pumps for household heating; or a power-to-X system that combines power-to-heat, seasonal heat storage, and power-to-hydrogen (2070 €/household/year). Scenarios with electricity as the main energy carrier have higher retrofitting costs for buildings (insulation + heat pump), which leads to higher system costs (2320–2370 €/household/year) than more integrated systems. We conclude that diversification in energy carriers can contribute to a smooth transition of existing residential areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:44:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76ab8f756d064e9c8dd6c6af720fb9b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:44:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-76ab8f756d064e9c8dd6c6af720fb9b72023-11-21T18:14:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-05-01149261610.3390/en14092616The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water SystemEls van der Roest0Theo Fens1Martin Bloemendal2Stijn Beernink3Jan Peter van der Hoek4Ad J. M. van Wijk5KWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The NetherlandsEconomics of Infrastructures Section, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2638 BX Delft, The NetherlandsKWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The NetherlandsKWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The NetherlandsFaculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2638 CN Delft, The NetherlandsKWR Water Research Institute, Department of Sustainability & Transitions, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The NetherlandsThe fossil-based energy system is transitioning towards a renewable energy system. One important aspect is the spatial and temporal mismatch between intermitted supply and continuous demand. To ensure a reliable and affordable energy system, we propose an integrated system approach that integrates electricity production, mobility, heating of buildings and water management with a major role for storage and conversion. The minimization of energy transport in such an integrated system indicates the need for local optimization. This study focuses on a comparison between different novel system designs for neighborhood energy and water systems with varying modes of system integration, including all-electric, power-to-heat and power-to-hydrogen. A simulation model is developed to determine the energy and water balance and carry out economic analysis to calculate the system costs of various scenarios. We show that system costs are the lowest in a scenario that combines a hydrogen boiler and heat pumps for household heating; or a power-to-X system that combines power-to-heat, seasonal heat storage, and power-to-hydrogen (2070 €/household/year). Scenarios with electricity as the main energy carrier have higher retrofitting costs for buildings (insulation + heat pump), which leads to higher system costs (2320–2370 €/household/year) than more integrated systems. We conclude that diversification in energy carriers can contribute to a smooth transition of existing residential areas.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2616energy system analysisHT-ATEShydrogenlocal optimizationsector-couplingstorage |
| spellingShingle | Els van der Roest Theo Fens Martin Bloemendal Stijn Beernink Jan Peter van der Hoek Ad J. M. van Wijk The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System Energies energy system analysis HT-ATES hydrogen local optimization sector-coupling storage |
| title | The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System |
| title_full | The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System |
| title_short | The Impact of System Integration on System Costs of a Neighborhood Energy and Water System |
| title_sort | impact of system integration on system costs of a neighborhood energy and water system |
| topic | energy system analysis HT-ATES hydrogen local optimization sector-coupling storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/9/2616 |
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