Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms
Although the hypoglycemic potential of brewer’s yeast extract has been reported, there is limited information pertaining to the hypoglycemic ingredients of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> extract and their mechanisms of action available. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4232 |
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| author | Chien-Hui Wu Chung-Hsiung Huang Ming-Chuan Chung Shun-Hsien Chang Guo-Jane Tsai |
| author_facet | Chien-Hui Wu Chung-Hsiung Huang Ming-Chuan Chung Shun-Hsien Chang Guo-Jane Tsai |
| author_sort | Chien-Hui Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the hypoglycemic potential of brewer’s yeast extract has been reported, there is limited information pertaining to the hypoglycemic ingredients of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> extract and their mechanisms of action available. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro hypoglycemic effect of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract was mainly composed of proteins followed by carbohydrates. In diabetic rats, oral administration of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract significantly reduced the levels of plasma glucose and enhanced the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase. Treatment with <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract increased the localization of type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT4), PTP, and insulin receptor at 3T3-L1 cell membranes and raised the levels of P38 MAPK, PI3K, and AKT in the cytosol. In agreement with these results, pretreatment of 3T3-L1 cells with inhibitors of PTP, PI3K, Akt/PKB, and p38 MAPK inhibited glucose uptake induced by application of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract. Most importantly, a 54 kDa protein with hypoglycemic activity was identified and suggested as the major ingredient contributing to the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract. In summary, these results clearly confirm the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract and provide critical insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76b384eee5b24cceaac34f2bb1ef6928 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-76b384eee5b24cceaac34f2bb1ef69282023-11-22T04:30:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-07-012614423210.3390/molecules26144232Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular MechanismsChien-Hui Wu0Chung-Hsiung Huang1Ming-Chuan Chung2Shun-Hsien Chang3Guo-Jane Tsai4Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Nanzi 81157, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanInstitute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, TaiwanAlthough the hypoglycemic potential of brewer’s yeast extract has been reported, there is limited information pertaining to the hypoglycemic ingredients of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> extract and their mechanisms of action available. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro hypoglycemic effect of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract was mainly composed of proteins followed by carbohydrates. In diabetic rats, oral administration of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract significantly reduced the levels of plasma glucose and enhanced the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase. Treatment with <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract increased the localization of type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT4), PTP, and insulin receptor at 3T3-L1 cell membranes and raised the levels of P38 MAPK, PI3K, and AKT in the cytosol. In agreement with these results, pretreatment of 3T3-L1 cells with inhibitors of PTP, PI3K, Akt/PKB, and p38 MAPK inhibited glucose uptake induced by application of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract. Most importantly, a 54 kDa protein with hypoglycemic activity was identified and suggested as the major ingredient contributing to the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract. In summary, these results clearly confirm the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. pastorianus</i> extract and provide critical insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4232diabetesglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasetype 4 glucose transporterhypoglycemic protein<i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Chien-Hui Wu Chung-Hsiung Huang Ming-Chuan Chung Shun-Hsien Chang Guo-Jane Tsai Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms Molecules diabetes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase type 4 glucose transporter hypoglycemic protein <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> |
| title | Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_full | Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_short | Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_sort | exploration of hypoglycemic activity of i saccharomyces pastorianus i extract and evaluation of the molecular mechanisms |
| topic | diabetes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase type 4 glucose transporter hypoglycemic protein <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4232 |
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