Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs
The spirochetal bacteria Leptospira spp. are causative agents of leptospirosis, a globally neglected and reemerging zoonotic disease. Infection with these pathogens may lead to an acute and potentially fatal disease but also to chronic asymptomatic renal colonization. Both forms of disease demonstra...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.571816/full |
| _version_ | 1818249410911404032 |
|---|---|
| author | Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia María Florencia Ferrer Monica Larucci Vieira Ricardo Martín Gómez Catherine Werts Catherine Werts |
| author_facet | Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia María Florencia Ferrer Monica Larucci Vieira Ricardo Martín Gómez Catherine Werts Catherine Werts |
| author_sort | Ignacio Santecchia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spirochetal bacteria Leptospira spp. are causative agents of leptospirosis, a globally neglected and reemerging zoonotic disease. Infection with these pathogens may lead to an acute and potentially fatal disease but also to chronic asymptomatic renal colonization. Both forms of disease demonstrate the ability of leptospires to evade the immune response of their hosts. In this review, we aim first to recapitulate the knowledge and explore the controversial data about the opsonization, recognition, intracellular survival, and killing of leptospires by scavenger cells, including platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Second, we will summarize the known specificities of the recognition or escape of leptospire components (the so-called microbial-associated molecular patterns; MAMPs) by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the Toll-like and NOD-like families. These PRRs are expressed by phagocytes, and their stimulation by MAMPs triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and bactericidal responses, such as antimicrobial peptide secretion and reactive oxygen species production. Finally, we will highlight recent studies suggesting that boosting or restoring phagocytic functions by treatments using agonists of the Toll-like or NOD receptors represents a novel prophylactic strategy and describe other potential therapeutic or vaccine strategies to combat leptospirosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:36:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76c7329940c9465d8879ab14ff191f01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:36:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-76c7329940c9465d8879ab14ff191f012022-12-22T00:20:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-10-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.571816571816Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRsIgnacio Santecchia0Ignacio Santecchia1Ignacio Santecchia2Ignacio Santecchia3María Florencia Ferrer4Monica Larucci Vieira5Ricardo Martín Gómez6Catherine Werts7Catherine Werts8Institut Pasteur, Microbiology Department, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, FranceCNRS, UMR 2001 Microbiologie intégrative et Moléculaire, Paris, FranceINSERM, Equipe Avenir, Paris, FranceUniversité de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceLaboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, ArgentinaDepartamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, BrazilLaboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, ArgentinaInstitut Pasteur, Microbiology Department, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, FranceCNRS, UMR 2001 Microbiologie intégrative et Moléculaire, Paris, FranceThe spirochetal bacteria Leptospira spp. are causative agents of leptospirosis, a globally neglected and reemerging zoonotic disease. Infection with these pathogens may lead to an acute and potentially fatal disease but also to chronic asymptomatic renal colonization. Both forms of disease demonstrate the ability of leptospires to evade the immune response of their hosts. In this review, we aim first to recapitulate the knowledge and explore the controversial data about the opsonization, recognition, intracellular survival, and killing of leptospires by scavenger cells, including platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Second, we will summarize the known specificities of the recognition or escape of leptospire components (the so-called microbial-associated molecular patterns; MAMPs) by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the Toll-like and NOD-like families. These PRRs are expressed by phagocytes, and their stimulation by MAMPs triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and bactericidal responses, such as antimicrobial peptide secretion and reactive oxygen species production. Finally, we will highlight recent studies suggesting that boosting or restoring phagocytic functions by treatments using agonists of the Toll-like or NOD receptors represents a novel prophylactic strategy and describe other potential therapeutic or vaccine strategies to combat leptospirosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.571816/fullleptospiresphagocytesmacrophagesneutrophilsplateletsTLR—toll-like receptor |
| spellingShingle | Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia Ignacio Santecchia María Florencia Ferrer Monica Larucci Vieira Ricardo Martín Gómez Catherine Werts Catherine Werts Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs Frontiers in Immunology leptospires phagocytes macrophages neutrophils platelets TLR—toll-like receptor |
| title | Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs |
| title_full | Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs |
| title_fullStr | Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs |
| title_short | Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs |
| title_sort | phagocyte escape of leptospira the role of tlrs and nlrs |
| topic | leptospires phagocytes macrophages neutrophils platelets TLR—toll-like receptor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.571816/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ignaciosantecchia phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT ignaciosantecchia phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT ignaciosantecchia phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT ignaciosantecchia phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT mariaflorenciaferrer phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT monicalaruccivieira phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT ricardomartingomez phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT catherinewerts phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs AT catherinewerts phagocyteescapeofleptospiratheroleoftlrsandnlrs |