Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study
Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar,1 Laila Mohammed Ahmad El-Zalabany,1 Doaa Abdelhalim Shahin,2 Afaf Mahmoud Attia,1 Shaaban Abdelfattah El-Mosallamy1 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt; 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Facult...
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| Format: | Article |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Experimental Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/testicular-toxicity-of-chloroxylenol-in-rats-biochemical-pathological--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JEP |
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| author | El-Naggar DA El-Zalabany LMA Shahin DA Attia AM El-Mosallamy SA |
| author_facet | El-Naggar DA El-Zalabany LMA Shahin DA Attia AM El-Mosallamy SA |
| author_sort | El-Naggar DA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar,1 Laila Mohammed Ahmad El-Zalabany,1 Doaa Abdelhalim Shahin,2 Afaf Mahmoud Attia,1 Shaaban Abdelfattah El-Mosallamy1 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt; 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, EgyptCorrespondence: Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Tel +20 1063433525, Dakahliya, Egypt, Email dr_doaaelnaggar@yahoo.comBackground: Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature.Aim of Study: To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats.Materials and Methods: Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed.Results: Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II).Conclusion: Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.Keywords: chloroxylenol toxicity, testicular toxicity, cell cycle, semen analysis |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:51:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76d356a478bd4ec284881986cbb4d2ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-1454 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:51:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Experimental Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-76d356a478bd4ec284881986cbb4d2ca2022-12-22T03:03:48ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Experimental Pharmacology1179-14542022-07-01Volume 1421322076552Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric StudyEl-Naggar DAEl-Zalabany LMAShahin DAAttia AMEl-Mosallamy SADoaa Abdallah El-Naggar,1 Laila Mohammed Ahmad El-Zalabany,1 Doaa Abdelhalim Shahin,2 Afaf Mahmoud Attia,1 Shaaban Abdelfattah El-Mosallamy1 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, Egypt; 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahliya, EgyptCorrespondence: Doaa Abdallah El-Naggar, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Tel +20 1063433525, Dakahliya, Egypt, Email dr_doaaelnaggar@yahoo.comBackground: Chloroxylenol (para-chloro-meta-xylenol, PCMX) is claimed to be highly harmful both to humans and the environment. Toxic effects of PCMX on testicular functions are scarcely discussed in the literature.Aim of Study: To study testicular toxic effects of PCMX on male Sprague-Dawley rats.Materials and Methods: Forty animals were randomly distributed into three groups: negative control (G I), vehicle group (G II) and PCMX group (G III). PCMX group was subdivided into three subgroups: GIIIa: received PCMX 100 mg/kg, GIIIb: received PCMX 200 mg/kg and G IIIc: received PCMX 500 mg/kg. Hormonal assay included assessment of serum testosterone and estradiol levels. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue, analysis of cellular viability, necrosis and apoptosis in testicular tissue by flow cytometry, analysis of cellular DNA content and phases of cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed.Results: Rats in the groups exposed to PCMX (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) had significantly lower estradiol and testosterone levels in comparison to control groups (G I and GII). Histopathological examination of testicular tissue of PCMX-exposed rats showed irregular crossly sectioned seminiferous tubules with their lumina containing scanty spermatids and spermatozoa. G IIIc animals showed eosinophilic proteinaceous material and vacuolated and necrotic interstitial cells of Leydig. Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower testicular tissue viability in comparison to control groups (G I and G II). Rats in PCMX-exposed groups (G IIIa, G IIIb and G IIIc) showed significantly lower percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase in comparison to control groups (G I and G II).Conclusion: Rats exposed to PCMX had significant reduction in testosterone and estradiol levels with marked histopathological alterations affecting testicular tissues. These effects are dose-dependent.Keywords: chloroxylenol toxicity, testicular toxicity, cell cycle, semen analysishttps://www.dovepress.com/testicular-toxicity-of-chloroxylenol-in-rats-biochemical-pathological--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JEPchloroxylenol toxicitytesticular toxicitycell cyclesemen analysis |
| spellingShingle | El-Naggar DA El-Zalabany LMA Shahin DA Attia AM El-Mosallamy SA Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study Journal of Experimental Pharmacology chloroxylenol toxicity testicular toxicity cell cycle semen analysis |
| title | Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study |
| title_full | Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study |
| title_fullStr | Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study |
| title_short | Testicular Toxicity of Chloroxylenol in Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Flow Cytometric Study |
| title_sort | testicular toxicity of chloroxylenol in rats biochemical pathological and flow cytometric study |
| topic | chloroxylenol toxicity testicular toxicity cell cycle semen analysis |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/testicular-toxicity-of-chloroxylenol-in-rats-biochemical-pathological--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JEP |
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