Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue of the mammary gland brought on by microbial infections or physical damage. It is characterised by physical, chemical, and biological changes in the udder and milk. While several different bacterial species have been identified as causative agen...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/10/616 |
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| author | N. G. Khasapane Z. T. H. Khumalo S. Kwenda S. J. Nkhebenyane O. Thekisoe |
| author_facet | N. G. Khasapane Z. T. H. Khumalo S. Kwenda S. J. Nkhebenyane O. Thekisoe |
| author_sort | N. G. Khasapane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue of the mammary gland brought on by microbial infections or physical damage. It is characterised by physical, chemical, and biological changes in the udder and milk. While several different bacterial species have been identified as causative agents of mastitis, many subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases remain culture-negative. The aim of this study was to characterise milk microbiota from SCM and apparently healthy dairy cows (non-SCM) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity metrics showed significant differences between SCM cows and non-SCM counterparts. The beta-diversity metrics in the principal coordinate analysis significantly clustered samples by type (PERMANOVA test, <i>p</i> < 0.05), while non-metric dimensional scaling did not (PERMANOVA test, <i>p</i> = 0.07). The overall analysis indicated a total of 95 phyla, 33 classes, 82 orders, 124 families, 202 genera, and 119 bacterial species. Four phyla, namely Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria collectively accounted for more than 97% of all sequencing reads from SCM and non-SCM cow samples. The most abundant bacterial classes were Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria in non-SCM cow samples, whilst SCM cow samples were mainly composed of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. Dominant bacterial species in non-SCM cow samples were <i>Anthropi</i> spp., <i>Pseudomonas azotoformans</i>, <i>P. fragi</i>, <i>Acinetobacter guillouiae</i>, <i>Enterococcus italicus</i>, <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>, whilst <i>P. azotoformans</i>, <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, <i>P. fragi</i>, <i>Acinetobacter guillouiae</i>, and <i>P. koreensis</i> were dominant in the SCM cow samples. The current study found differences in bacterial species between SCM and non-SCM cow milk; hence, the need for detailed epidemiological studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76d695c774f7490fb483884436d73045 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:49:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-76d695c774f7490fb483884436d730452023-11-19T18:26:03ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-10-01101061610.3390/vetsci10100616Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South AfricaN. G. Khasapane0Z. T. H. Khumalo1S. Kwenda2S. J. Nkhebenyane3O. Thekisoe4Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South AfricaClinVet International, Study Management, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein 9300, South AfricaSequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South AfricaCentre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South AfricaUnit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South AfricaBovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder tissue of the mammary gland brought on by microbial infections or physical damage. It is characterised by physical, chemical, and biological changes in the udder and milk. While several different bacterial species have been identified as causative agents of mastitis, many subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases remain culture-negative. The aim of this study was to characterise milk microbiota from SCM and apparently healthy dairy cows (non-SCM) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity metrics showed significant differences between SCM cows and non-SCM counterparts. The beta-diversity metrics in the principal coordinate analysis significantly clustered samples by type (PERMANOVA test, <i>p</i> < 0.05), while non-metric dimensional scaling did not (PERMANOVA test, <i>p</i> = 0.07). The overall analysis indicated a total of 95 phyla, 33 classes, 82 orders, 124 families, 202 genera, and 119 bacterial species. Four phyla, namely Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria collectively accounted for more than 97% of all sequencing reads from SCM and non-SCM cow samples. The most abundant bacterial classes were Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria in non-SCM cow samples, whilst SCM cow samples were mainly composed of Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. Dominant bacterial species in non-SCM cow samples were <i>Anthropi</i> spp., <i>Pseudomonas azotoformans</i>, <i>P. fragi</i>, <i>Acinetobacter guillouiae</i>, <i>Enterococcus italicus</i>, <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>, whilst <i>P. azotoformans</i>, <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, <i>P. fragi</i>, <i>Acinetobacter guillouiae</i>, and <i>P. koreensis</i> were dominant in the SCM cow samples. The current study found differences in bacterial species between SCM and non-SCM cow milk; hence, the need for detailed epidemiological studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/10/616subclinical mastitismicrobiotametabarcodingcattle milk |
| spellingShingle | N. G. Khasapane Z. T. H. Khumalo S. Kwenda S. J. Nkhebenyane O. Thekisoe Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa Veterinary Sciences subclinical mastitis microbiota metabarcoding cattle milk |
| title | Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa |
| title_full | Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa |
| title_short | Characterisation of Milk Microbiota from Subclinical Mastitis and Apparently Healthy Dairy Cattle in Free State Province, South Africa |
| title_sort | characterisation of milk microbiota from subclinical mastitis and apparently healthy dairy cattle in free state province south africa |
| topic | subclinical mastitis microbiota metabarcoding cattle milk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/10/616 |
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