Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species
Abstract The South China Sea (SCS) basin is hypothesized to host distinct and bathymetrically differentiated fauna due to its semi‐enclosed basin and three‐layer circulation system. To test this hypothesis, three cow falls are artificially deployed at separate depths (655, 1604, and 3402 m) on Zhong...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10256 |
| _version_ | 1797357922972336128 |
|---|---|
| author | Yadong Zhou Yuru Han Wei Xie Mingting Li Zhi Wang Dongsheng Zhang |
| author_facet | Yadong Zhou Yuru Han Wei Xie Mingting Li Zhi Wang Dongsheng Zhang |
| author_sort | Yadong Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The South China Sea (SCS) basin is hypothesized to host distinct and bathymetrically differentiated fauna due to its semi‐enclosed basin and three‐layer circulation system. To test this hypothesis, three cow falls are artificially deployed at separate depths (655, 1604, and 3402 m) on Zhongnan seamount in the middle SCS, and the associated worms, Sirsoe spp. are selected as targets to explore their diversity, phylogeny, and zonation pattern. Analyses of collected specimens reveal three new Sirsoe species, which were then nominally described and named as S. polita sp. nov. (655 m), S. nanhaiensis sp. nov. (1604 and 3402 m), and S. feitiana sp. nov. (3402 m), and one known species (S. balaenophila lineage II). Metabarcoding analyses on cow‐fall sediments reveal seven additional Operated Taxonomic Units (OTUs) assigned to Sirsoe, increasing the Sirsoe diversity to 10 species/OTUs in the middle SCS. Their distribution along depth shows increasing diversity toward the deeper sites. Phylogenetic inferences recover S. polita closely related to S. alucia from the Southwest Atlantic, forming a lineage deeply divergent from others. The nine deep‐water species/OTUs are scattered in three distinct lineages showing closer phylogenetic relationships between 1604‐ and 3402‐m counterparts. The lineage formed by S. naihaiensis and S. feitiana is distinct from other non‐SCS congeners both morphologically and genetically. These results suggest multiple independent invasions of Sirsoe to the SCS, a new lineage potentially endemic to the SCS, and a strong zonation pattern related to depth, especially between the shallow (655 m) and the deep (1604 and 3402 m) sites. The semi‐enclosed feature combined with the physical structure of the SCS may contribute to such a pattern. This work is registered in ZooBank under: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:317771C8‐42D717‐4765‐A168‐B3BE99B09FBF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:52:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76e6d991379047ea8329f5af1fc41d18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:52:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-76e6d991379047ea8329f5af1fc41d182024-01-11T02:50:02ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582023-07-01137n/an/a10.1002/ece3.10256Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new speciesYadong Zhou0Yuru Han1Wei Xie2Mingting Li3Zhi Wang4Dongsheng Zhang5Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou ChinaSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Zhuhai ChinaSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Zhuhai ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou ChinaAbstract The South China Sea (SCS) basin is hypothesized to host distinct and bathymetrically differentiated fauna due to its semi‐enclosed basin and three‐layer circulation system. To test this hypothesis, three cow falls are artificially deployed at separate depths (655, 1604, and 3402 m) on Zhongnan seamount in the middle SCS, and the associated worms, Sirsoe spp. are selected as targets to explore their diversity, phylogeny, and zonation pattern. Analyses of collected specimens reveal three new Sirsoe species, which were then nominally described and named as S. polita sp. nov. (655 m), S. nanhaiensis sp. nov. (1604 and 3402 m), and S. feitiana sp. nov. (3402 m), and one known species (S. balaenophila lineage II). Metabarcoding analyses on cow‐fall sediments reveal seven additional Operated Taxonomic Units (OTUs) assigned to Sirsoe, increasing the Sirsoe diversity to 10 species/OTUs in the middle SCS. Their distribution along depth shows increasing diversity toward the deeper sites. Phylogenetic inferences recover S. polita closely related to S. alucia from the Southwest Atlantic, forming a lineage deeply divergent from others. The nine deep‐water species/OTUs are scattered in three distinct lineages showing closer phylogenetic relationships between 1604‐ and 3402‐m counterparts. The lineage formed by S. naihaiensis and S. feitiana is distinct from other non‐SCS congeners both morphologically and genetically. These results suggest multiple independent invasions of Sirsoe to the SCS, a new lineage potentially endemic to the SCS, and a strong zonation pattern related to depth, especially between the shallow (655 m) and the deep (1604 and 3402 m) sites. The semi‐enclosed feature combined with the physical structure of the SCS may contribute to such a pattern. This work is registered in ZooBank under: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:317771C8‐42D717‐4765‐A168‐B3BE99B09FBF.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10256biogeographydeep seametabarcodingorganic fall |
| spellingShingle | Yadong Zhou Yuru Han Wei Xie Mingting Li Zhi Wang Dongsheng Zhang Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species Ecology and Evolution biogeography deep sea metabarcoding organic fall |
| title | Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species |
| title_full | Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species |
| title_fullStr | Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species |
| title_short | Diversity, phylogeny, and bathymetric zonation of Sirsoe (Annelida: Hesionidae) from colonization experiments in the South China Sea, with the description of three new species |
| title_sort | diversity phylogeny and bathymetric zonation of sirsoe annelida hesionidae from colonization experiments in the south china sea with the description of three new species |
| topic | biogeography deep sea metabarcoding organic fall |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10256 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yadongzhou diversityphylogenyandbathymetriczonationofsirsoeannelidahesionidaefromcolonizationexperimentsinthesouthchinaseawiththedescriptionofthreenewspecies AT yuruhan diversityphylogenyandbathymetriczonationofsirsoeannelidahesionidaefromcolonizationexperimentsinthesouthchinaseawiththedescriptionofthreenewspecies AT weixie diversityphylogenyandbathymetriczonationofsirsoeannelidahesionidaefromcolonizationexperimentsinthesouthchinaseawiththedescriptionofthreenewspecies AT mingtingli diversityphylogenyandbathymetriczonationofsirsoeannelidahesionidaefromcolonizationexperimentsinthesouthchinaseawiththedescriptionofthreenewspecies AT zhiwang diversityphylogenyandbathymetriczonationofsirsoeannelidahesionidaefromcolonizationexperimentsinthesouthchinaseawiththedescriptionofthreenewspecies AT dongshengzhang diversityphylogenyandbathymetriczonationofsirsoeannelidahesionidaefromcolonizationexperimentsinthesouthchinaseawiththedescriptionofthreenewspecies |