Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil
This work presents a simple and innovative protocol employing a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for equipment-free determination of mercury. In this method, mercury (II) forms an ionic-association complex of tetraiodomercurate (II) ion (HgI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/2004 |
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| author | Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha Jirayu Sitanurak Hermin Sulistyarti Duangjai Nacapricha Kanchana Uraisin |
| author_facet | Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha Jirayu Sitanurak Hermin Sulistyarti Duangjai Nacapricha Kanchana Uraisin |
| author_sort | Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents a simple and innovative protocol employing a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for equipment-free determination of mercury. In this method, mercury (II) forms an ionic-association complex of tetraiodomercurate (II) ion (HgI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>) using a known excess amount of iodide. The residual iodide flows by capillary action into a second region of the paper where it is converted to iodine by pre-deposited iodate to liberate I<sub>2(g)</sub> under acidic condition. Iodine vapor diffuses across the spacer region of the µPAD to form a purple colored of tri-iodide starch complex in a detection zone located in a separate layer of the µPAD. The digital image of the complex is analyzed using ImageJ software. The method has a linear calibration range of 50–350 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Hg with the detection limit of 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury in contaminated soil and water samples which the results agreed well with the ICP-MS method. Three soil samples were highly contaminated with mercury above the acceptable WHO limits (0.05 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first colorimetric µPAD method that is applicable for soil samples including mercury contaminated soils from gold mining areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:41:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76f2b269db39402ab64e1fc3ee6bec1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:41:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-76f2b269db39402ab64e1fc3ee6bec1c2023-11-21T13:49:24ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-04-01267200410.3390/molecules26072004Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated SoilHikmanita Lisan Nashukha0Jirayu Sitanurak1Hermin Sulistyarti2Duangjai Nacapricha3Kanchana Uraisin4Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandFlow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, IndonesiaFlow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandFlow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, ThailandThis work presents a simple and innovative protocol employing a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for equipment-free determination of mercury. In this method, mercury (II) forms an ionic-association complex of tetraiodomercurate (II) ion (HgI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>) using a known excess amount of iodide. The residual iodide flows by capillary action into a second region of the paper where it is converted to iodine by pre-deposited iodate to liberate I<sub>2(g)</sub> under acidic condition. Iodine vapor diffuses across the spacer region of the µPAD to form a purple colored of tri-iodide starch complex in a detection zone located in a separate layer of the µPAD. The digital image of the complex is analyzed using ImageJ software. The method has a linear calibration range of 50–350 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Hg with the detection limit of 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mercury in contaminated soil and water samples which the results agreed well with the ICP-MS method. Three soil samples were highly contaminated with mercury above the acceptable WHO limits (0.05 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first colorimetric µPAD method that is applicable for soil samples including mercury contaminated soils from gold mining areas.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/2004tetraiodomercuratemercurypaper-basediodometrysoilwater |
| spellingShingle | Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha Jirayu Sitanurak Hermin Sulistyarti Duangjai Nacapricha Kanchana Uraisin Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil Molecules tetraiodomercurate mercury paper-based iodometry soil water |
| title | Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil |
| title_full | Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil |
| title_fullStr | Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil |
| title_short | Simple and Equipment-Free Paper-Based Device for Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil |
| title_sort | simple and equipment free paper based device for determination of mercury in contaminated soil |
| topic | tetraiodomercurate mercury paper-based iodometry soil water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/2004 |
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