| Summary: | Additive laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of metal bactericidal nanoparticles from a polymer substrate directly onto food bacterial biofilms has demonstrated its unprecedented efficiency in combating pathogenic microorganisms. Here, a comprehensive study of laser fluence, metal (gold, silver and copper) film thickness, and the transfer distance effects on the antibacterial activity regarding biofilms of Gram-negative and Gram-positive food bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp.) indicated the optimal operation regimes of the versatile modality. LIFT-induced nanoparticle penetration into a biofilm was studied by energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, which demonstrated that nanoparticles remained predominantly on the surface of the biofilm.
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