A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter?
Background The question of whether mentholation of cigarettes enhances tobacco dependence has generated conflicting findings. Potential mediating factors in a putative relationship between menthol use and tobacco dependence may include race and gender. While an association between menthol use and de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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European Publishing
2012-11-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/A-cross-sectional-study-on-tobacco-use-and-dependence-among-women-Does-menthol-matter-,66107,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1818367384095817728 |
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| author | Judith Rosenbloom Vaughan W Rees Kathleen Reid Jeannie Wong Taru Kinnunen |
| author_facet | Judith Rosenbloom Vaughan W Rees Kathleen Reid Jeannie Wong Taru Kinnunen |
| author_sort | Judith Rosenbloom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
The question of whether mentholation of cigarettes enhances tobacco dependence has generated conflicting findings. Potential mediating factors in a putative relationship between menthol use and tobacco dependence may include race and gender. While an association between menthol use and dependence is mixed, research on the role of race solely among women smokers is scarce. This study examined whether women menthol smokers have higher tobacco use and dependence than non-menthol smokers. Further, the study investigated differences between White and African American smokers.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 928 women seeking tobacco dependence treatment in Boston, Massachusetts. Measures obtained included preferred brand and menthol content, dependence markers (cigarettes per day (CPD); time to first cigarette in the morning; number of and longest previous quit attempts) and smoking history (age of initiation; years smoking; menthol or non-menthol cigarette preference). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect interactions between menthol preference by race for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-squared test was used for analyses with dichotomous variables.
Results
A greater proportion of menthol smokers smoked their first cigarette within five minutes of waking (p < 0.01) and were less likely to have a previous quit attempt longer than 90 days (p < 0.01). ANOVAs revealed no main effects for menthol preferences. However, African American smokers smoked fewer CPD (p<.001), started smoking later in life (p= .04), and had been smoking the same brand for longer (p= .04).
Conclusions
Women menthol smokers showed signs of greater tobacco dependence than non-menthol smokers. African Americans smoked fewer CPD but nevertheless had evidence of greater dependence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:51:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7703c867bb304d2b863012de01c4e6b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:51:11Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-7703c867bb304d2b863012de01c4e6b62022-12-21T23:28:37ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252012-11-0110November10.1186/1617-9625-10-1966107A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter?Judith Rosenbloom0Vaughan W Rees1Kathleen Reid2Jeannie Wong3Taru Kinnunen4Tobacco Dependence Treatment & Research, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USACenter for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USATobacco Dependence Treatment & Research, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USATobacco Dependence Treatment & Research, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USATobacco Dependence Treatment & Research, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USABackground The question of whether mentholation of cigarettes enhances tobacco dependence has generated conflicting findings. Potential mediating factors in a putative relationship between menthol use and tobacco dependence may include race and gender. While an association between menthol use and dependence is mixed, research on the role of race solely among women smokers is scarce. This study examined whether women menthol smokers have higher tobacco use and dependence than non-menthol smokers. Further, the study investigated differences between White and African American smokers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 928 women seeking tobacco dependence treatment in Boston, Massachusetts. Measures obtained included preferred brand and menthol content, dependence markers (cigarettes per day (CPD); time to first cigarette in the morning; number of and longest previous quit attempts) and smoking history (age of initiation; years smoking; menthol or non-menthol cigarette preference). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect interactions between menthol preference by race for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-squared test was used for analyses with dichotomous variables. Results A greater proportion of menthol smokers smoked their first cigarette within five minutes of waking (p < 0.01) and were less likely to have a previous quit attempt longer than 90 days (p < 0.01). ANOVAs revealed no main effects for menthol preferences. However, African American smokers smoked fewer CPD (p<.001), started smoking later in life (p= .04), and had been smoking the same brand for longer (p= .04). Conclusions Women menthol smokers showed signs of greater tobacco dependence than non-menthol smokers. African Americans smoked fewer CPD but nevertheless had evidence of greater dependence.http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/A-cross-sectional-study-on-tobacco-use-and-dependence-among-women-Does-menthol-matter-,66107,0,2.htmlcigarette smokingmenthol cigarettestobacco usetobacco dependencerace/ethnicityfemale sex/gender |
| spellingShingle | Judith Rosenbloom Vaughan W Rees Kathleen Reid Jeannie Wong Taru Kinnunen A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter? Tobacco Induced Diseases cigarette smoking menthol cigarettes tobacco use tobacco dependence race/ethnicity female sex/gender |
| title | A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter? |
| title_full | A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter? |
| title_fullStr | A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter? |
| title_full_unstemmed | A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter? |
| title_short | A cross-sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women: Does menthol matter? |
| title_sort | cross sectional study on tobacco use and dependence among women does menthol matter |
| topic | cigarette smoking menthol cigarettes tobacco use tobacco dependence race/ethnicity female sex/gender |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/A-cross-sectional-study-on-tobacco-use-and-dependence-among-women-Does-menthol-matter-,66107,0,2.html |
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