A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
During the fracture stimulation of oil and gas wells, fracturing fluids are used to create fractures and transport the proppant into the fractured reservoirs. The fracturing fluid viscosity is responsible for proppant suspension, the viscosity can be increased through the incorporation of guar polym...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1597 |
| _version_ | 1797487313302847488 |
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| author | Muhammad Naeem Amjad Bajes Khalil Zeeshan Tariq Mohamed Mahmoud |
| author_facet | Muhammad Naeem Amjad Bajes Khalil Zeeshan Tariq Mohamed Mahmoud |
| author_sort | Muhammad Naeem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the fracture stimulation of oil and gas wells, fracturing fluids are used to create fractures and transport the proppant into the fractured reservoirs. The fracturing fluid viscosity is responsible for proppant suspension, the viscosity can be increased through the incorporation of guar polymer and cross-linkers. After the fracturing operation, the fluid viscosity is decreased by breakers for efficient oil and gas recovery. Different types of enzyme breakers have been engineered and employed to reduce the fracturing fluid′s viscosity, but thermal stability remains the major constraint for the use of enzymes. The latest enzyme engineering approaches such as direct evolution and rational design, have great potential to increase the enzyme breakers’ thermostability against high temperatures of reservoirs. In this review article, we have reviewed recently advanced enzyme molecular engineering technologies and how these strategies could be used to enhance the thermostability of enzyme breakers in the upstream oil and gas industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:45:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-770b9bbbba3a4f40afbb6017f8710836 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:45:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-770b9bbbba3a4f40afbb6017f87108362023-11-23T16:43:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-01-01233159710.3390/ijms23031597A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas IndustryMuhammad Naeem0Amjad Bajes Khalil1Zeeshan Tariq2Mohamed Mahmoud3Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDuring the fracture stimulation of oil and gas wells, fracturing fluids are used to create fractures and transport the proppant into the fractured reservoirs. The fracturing fluid viscosity is responsible for proppant suspension, the viscosity can be increased through the incorporation of guar polymer and cross-linkers. After the fracturing operation, the fluid viscosity is decreased by breakers for efficient oil and gas recovery. Different types of enzyme breakers have been engineered and employed to reduce the fracturing fluid′s viscosity, but thermal stability remains the major constraint for the use of enzymes. The latest enzyme engineering approaches such as direct evolution and rational design, have great potential to increase the enzyme breakers’ thermostability against high temperatures of reservoirs. In this review article, we have reviewed recently advanced enzyme molecular engineering technologies and how these strategies could be used to enhance the thermostability of enzyme breakers in the upstream oil and gas industry.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1597enzyme engineeringenzyme breakersdirect evolutionrational designthermostability |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Naeem Amjad Bajes Khalil Zeeshan Tariq Mohamed Mahmoud A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry International Journal of Molecular Sciences enzyme engineering enzyme breakers direct evolution rational design thermostability |
| title | A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry |
| title_full | A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry |
| title_short | A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry |
| title_sort | review of advanced molecular engineering approaches to enhance the thermostability of enzyme breakers from prospective of upstream oil and gas industry |
| topic | enzyme engineering enzyme breakers direct evolution rational design thermostability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1597 |
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