Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors
Functional mineral water and related products are popular in some Asian countries as health drinks and, recently, have been employed in agricultural crop production as well as pest control. This study aimed to investigate the survival of mosquito vectors exposed to plant-derived functional mineral w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/3/211 |
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| author | Tai-Chih Kuo Chien-Chung Lin Ching-Chu Tsai Shiang-Jiuun Chen Tso-Min Hung Che-Chu Hsieh Ja-Yu Lu Rong-Nan Huang |
| author_facet | Tai-Chih Kuo Chien-Chung Lin Ching-Chu Tsai Shiang-Jiuun Chen Tso-Min Hung Che-Chu Hsieh Ja-Yu Lu Rong-Nan Huang |
| author_sort | Tai-Chih Kuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Functional mineral water and related products are popular in some Asian countries as health drinks and, recently, have been employed in agricultural crop production as well as pest control. This study aimed to investigate the survival of mosquito vectors exposed to plant-derived functional mineral water produced by terahertz technology. The terahertz-based functional mineral water used in the current study not only decreased the hatching of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Say) larvae but also showed concentration-dependent toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae and pupae of the three mosquito species tested. <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse) and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> pupae were more susceptible to terahertz-based functional mineral water than the larval stage, as indicated by their lower LC<sub>50</sub>. Lower concentrations (<100 ppm) of terahertz-based functional mineral water were not lethal to the pupae; however, these low concentrations still resulted in a reduced adult emergence. Although terahertz-based functional mineral water did not significantly affect <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Linnaeus) hatching, it could potentially be used for vector control at the larvae and pupae stages. The larvicidal and pupicidal activity of diluted terahertz-based functional mineral water gradually diminished after 24 h, indicating that it is a biodegradable and eco-friendly bioinsecticide. However, as the terahertz-based functional mineral water is also toxic to larvivorous predatory-copepods, it should not be utilized in aquatic environments where predatory-based mosquito control programs are employed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:59:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7714a56049a34485b36598aa446d2325 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:59:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-7714a56049a34485b36598aa446d23252023-12-03T12:10:24ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-03-0112321110.3390/insects12030211Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito VectorsTai-Chih Kuo0Chien-Chung Lin1Ching-Chu Tsai2Shiang-Jiuun Chen3Tso-Min Hung4Che-Chu Hsieh5Ja-Yu Lu6Rong-Nan Huang7Department of Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, TaiwanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanDepartment of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanFunctional mineral water and related products are popular in some Asian countries as health drinks and, recently, have been employed in agricultural crop production as well as pest control. This study aimed to investigate the survival of mosquito vectors exposed to plant-derived functional mineral water produced by terahertz technology. The terahertz-based functional mineral water used in the current study not only decreased the hatching of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Say) larvae but also showed concentration-dependent toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae and pupae of the three mosquito species tested. <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse) and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> pupae were more susceptible to terahertz-based functional mineral water than the larval stage, as indicated by their lower LC<sub>50</sub>. Lower concentrations (<100 ppm) of terahertz-based functional mineral water were not lethal to the pupae; however, these low concentrations still resulted in a reduced adult emergence. Although terahertz-based functional mineral water did not significantly affect <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Linnaeus) hatching, it could potentially be used for vector control at the larvae and pupae stages. The larvicidal and pupicidal activity of diluted terahertz-based functional mineral water gradually diminished after 24 h, indicating that it is a biodegradable and eco-friendly bioinsecticide. However, as the terahertz-based functional mineral water is also toxic to larvivorous predatory-copepods, it should not be utilized in aquatic environments where predatory-based mosquito control programs are employed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/3/211terahertz radiation<i>Aedes aegypti</i><i>Aedes albopictus</i><i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>nonchemical pesticidesbioinsecticide |
| spellingShingle | Tai-Chih Kuo Chien-Chung Lin Ching-Chu Tsai Shiang-Jiuun Chen Tso-Min Hung Che-Chu Hsieh Ja-Yu Lu Rong-Nan Huang Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors Insects terahertz radiation <i>Aedes aegypti</i> <i>Aedes albopictus</i> <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> nonchemical pesticides bioinsecticide |
| title | Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors |
| title_full | Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors |
| title_short | Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors |
| title_sort | toxicity of terahertz based functional mineral water plant derived to immature stages of mosquito vectors |
| topic | terahertz radiation <i>Aedes aegypti</i> <i>Aedes albopictus</i> <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> nonchemical pesticides bioinsecticide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/3/211 |
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