Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016
Applying the daily ERA-interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2016, we found that widespread cold (warm) wintertime extreme events in Northern Europe occurred most frequently in winter 1984–1985 (2006–2007). These events often persisted for multiple days, and their primary drivers were the pattern of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Stockholm University Press
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2020.1788368 |
| _version_ | 1811304728727912448 |
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| author | Cuijuan Sui Lejiang Yu Timo Vihma |
| author_facet | Cuijuan Sui Lejiang Yu Timo Vihma |
| author_sort | Cuijuan Sui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Applying the daily ERA-interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2016, we found that widespread cold (warm) wintertime extreme events in Northern Europe occurred most frequently in winter 1984–1985 (2006–2007). These events often persisted for multiple days, and their primary drivers were the pattern of atmospheric large-scale circulation, the direction of surface wind and the downward longwave radiation. Widespread cold extremes were favoured by the Scandinavian Pattern and Ural Blocking, associated with advection of continental air-masses from the east, clear skies and negative anomalies in downward longwave radiation. In the case of widespread warm extremes, a centre of low pressure was typically located over the Barents Sea and a centre of high pressure over Central Europe, which caused south-westerly winds to dominate over Northern Europe, bringing warm, cloudy air masses to Northern Europe. Applying Self-Organizing Maps, we found out that thermodynamic processes explained 80% (64%) of the decreasing (increasing) trend in the occurrence of extreme cold (warm) events. The trends were due to a combined effect of climate warming and internal variability of the system. Changes in cases with a high-pressure centre over Iceland were important for the decreased occurrence of cold extremes over Northern Europe, with contribution from increasing downward long-wave radiation and south-westerly winds. The largest contribution to the increased occurrence of widespread warm extremes originated from warming and increased occurrence of the Icelandic low. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:12:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-771715aacf284e3f8a1430b577129924 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1600-0870 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:12:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Stockholm University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography |
| spelling | doaj.art-771715aacf284e3f8a1430b5771299242022-12-22T02:54:55ZengStockholm University PressTellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography1600-08702020-01-0172111910.1080/16000870.2020.17883681788368Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016Cuijuan Sui0Lejiang Yu1Timo Vihma2National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterSOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of ChinaFinnish Meteorological InstituteApplying the daily ERA-interim reanalysis data from 1979 to 2016, we found that widespread cold (warm) wintertime extreme events in Northern Europe occurred most frequently in winter 1984–1985 (2006–2007). These events often persisted for multiple days, and their primary drivers were the pattern of atmospheric large-scale circulation, the direction of surface wind and the downward longwave radiation. Widespread cold extremes were favoured by the Scandinavian Pattern and Ural Blocking, associated with advection of continental air-masses from the east, clear skies and negative anomalies in downward longwave radiation. In the case of widespread warm extremes, a centre of low pressure was typically located over the Barents Sea and a centre of high pressure over Central Europe, which caused south-westerly winds to dominate over Northern Europe, bringing warm, cloudy air masses to Northern Europe. Applying Self-Organizing Maps, we found out that thermodynamic processes explained 80% (64%) of the decreasing (increasing) trend in the occurrence of extreme cold (warm) events. The trends were due to a combined effect of climate warming and internal variability of the system. Changes in cases with a high-pressure centre over Iceland were important for the decreased occurrence of cold extremes over Northern Europe, with contribution from increasing downward long-wave radiation and south-westerly winds. The largest contribution to the increased occurrence of widespread warm extremes originated from warming and increased occurrence of the Icelandic low.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2020.1788368northern europeextreme temperature eventsscandinavian patternicelandic lowself-organizing maps (som) |
| spellingShingle | Cuijuan Sui Lejiang Yu Timo Vihma Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016 Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography northern europe extreme temperature events scandinavian pattern icelandic low self-organizing maps (som) |
| title | Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016 |
| title_full | Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016 |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016 |
| title_short | Occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in Northern Europe during 1979–2016 |
| title_sort | occurrence and drivers of wintertime temperature extremes in northern europe during 1979 2016 |
| topic | northern europe extreme temperature events scandinavian pattern icelandic low self-organizing maps (som) |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2020.1788368 |
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