Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon
In this study, apricot-pit-based activated carbon was functionalized and used as a sorbent for the preconcentration of lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) in different water and food samples. The activated sorbent was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to enhance its selectivity for...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3750 |
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| author | Tabinda Ahmad Faheem Shah Rafaqat Ali Khan Amel Y. Ahmed |
| author_facet | Tabinda Ahmad Faheem Shah Rafaqat Ali Khan Amel Y. Ahmed |
| author_sort | Tabinda Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, apricot-pit-based activated carbon was functionalized and used as a sorbent for the preconcentration of lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) in different water and food samples. The activated sorbent was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to enhance its selectivity for the efficient removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. The modified activated sorbent was characterized using FTIR, an SEM, BET, and TGA. The column adsorption method was used to study the adsorption capacity of synthesized and modified activated carbon and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A multivariate procedure, i.e., Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD), was studied for optimizing the adsorption process, which allows the optimization of multiple variables at the same time. An interference study was conducted to ascertain the selectivity of the developed method. The developed method was validated by assessing certified reference materials and additional standards for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection in real samples. To assess the precision of the proposed procedure, repeatability (RSD<sub>r</sub>) and reproducibility (RSD<sub>R</sub>) were calculated, which were determined to be <3.0 (n = 7) and <7.5 (n = 15), respectively. The obtained results revealed that the modified AC is a suitable and efficient sorbent for the preconcentration of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in real water and food samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:19:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7719cff2bc5246ea9231b5b2a5c523cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:19:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7719cff2bc5246ea9231b5b2a5c523cc2023-11-10T15:15:13ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-10-011521375010.3390/w15213750Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated CarbonTabinda Ahmad0Faheem Shah1Rafaqat Ali Khan2Amel Y. Ahmed3Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Eastern Province AlAhsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Eastern Province AlAhsa, Saudi ArabiaIn this study, apricot-pit-based activated carbon was functionalized and used as a sorbent for the preconcentration of lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) in different water and food samples. The activated sorbent was modified with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to enhance its selectivity for the efficient removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. The modified activated sorbent was characterized using FTIR, an SEM, BET, and TGA. The column adsorption method was used to study the adsorption capacity of synthesized and modified activated carbon and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A multivariate procedure, i.e., Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD), was studied for optimizing the adsorption process, which allows the optimization of multiple variables at the same time. An interference study was conducted to ascertain the selectivity of the developed method. The developed method was validated by assessing certified reference materials and additional standards for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection in real samples. To assess the precision of the proposed procedure, repeatability (RSD<sub>r</sub>) and reproducibility (RSD<sub>R</sub>) were calculated, which were determined to be <3.0 (n = 7) and <7.5 (n = 15), respectively. The obtained results revealed that the modified AC is a suitable and efficient sorbent for the preconcentration of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in real water and food samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3750activated carbonpreconcentrationleadwastewaterchemometrics |
| spellingShingle | Tabinda Ahmad Faheem Shah Rafaqat Ali Khan Amel Y. Ahmed Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon Water activated carbon preconcentration lead wastewater chemometrics |
| title | Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon |
| title_full | Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon |
| title_short | Utilization of Multivariate Optimization for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Different Water and Food Samples Using Functionalized Activated Carbon |
| title_sort | utilization of multivariate optimization for preconcentration and determination of lead in different water and food samples using functionalized activated carbon |
| topic | activated carbon preconcentration lead wastewater chemometrics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3750 |
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