| Summary: | Plants of the genus <i>Callicarpa</i> are known to possess several medicinal effects. The constituents of the Taiwan endemic plant <i>Callicarpa hypoleucophylla</i> have never been studied. Therefore, <i>C. hypoleucophylla</i> was selected for our phytochemical investigation. Two new clerodane-type diterpenoids, named callihypolins A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>), along with seven known compounds were isolated from the leaves and twigs of the Lamiaceae plant <i>C. hypoleucophylla</i> and then characterized. The structures of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, specifically, two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>9</b> based on the suppression of superoxide anion generation and elastase release was evaluated. Among the isolates, compounds <b>2</b>–<b>4</b> showed anti-inflammatory activity (9.52−32.48% inhibition at the concentration 10 μm) by suppressing superoxide anion generation and elastase release. Our findings not only expand the description of the structural diversity of the compounds present in plants of the genus <i>Callicarpa</i> but also highlight the possibility of developing anti-inflammatory agents from <i>Callicarpa</i> endemic species.
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