The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation
The human immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection is poorly characterized due to the rarity of infection. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response to EEEV acquired from an infected donor via liver transplantation. Both binding and highly neutralizing antibod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.561530/full |
| _version_ | 1819009104293658624 |
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| author | Vanessa Raabe Lilin Lai Yong Xu Chris Huerta Dongli Wang Stephanie M. Pouch Crystal W. Burke Ashley E. Piper Christina L. Gardner Pamela J. Glass Mark J. Mulligan |
| author_facet | Vanessa Raabe Lilin Lai Yong Xu Chris Huerta Dongli Wang Stephanie M. Pouch Crystal W. Burke Ashley E. Piper Christina L. Gardner Pamela J. Glass Mark J. Mulligan |
| author_sort | Vanessa Raabe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection is poorly characterized due to the rarity of infection. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response to EEEV acquired from an infected donor via liver transplantation. Both binding and highly neutralizing antibodies to EEEV as well as a robust EEEV-specific IgG memory B cell response were generated. Despite triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy, a virus-specific CD4+ T cell response, predominated by interferon-γ production, was generated. T cell epitopes on the E2 envelope protein were identified by interferon-γ ELISpot. Although these results are from a single person who acquired EEEV by a non-traditional mechanism, to our knowledge this work represents the first analysis of the human cellular immune response to EEEV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:51:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-771ca7f64eac4eebb142cd45eec71853 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:51:04Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-771ca7f64eac4eebb142cd45eec718532022-12-21T19:21:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-09-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.561530561530The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ TransplantationVanessa Raabe0Lilin Lai1Yong Xu2Chris Huerta3Dongli Wang4Stephanie M. Pouch5Crystal W. Burke6Ashley E. Piper7Christina L. Gardner8Pamela J. Glass9Mark J. Mulligan10Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesHope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesVirology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United StatesVirology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United StatesVirology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United StatesVirology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United StatesHope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesThe human immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection is poorly characterized due to the rarity of infection. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response to EEEV acquired from an infected donor via liver transplantation. Both binding and highly neutralizing antibodies to EEEV as well as a robust EEEV-specific IgG memory B cell response were generated. Despite triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy, a virus-specific CD4+ T cell response, predominated by interferon-γ production, was generated. T cell epitopes on the E2 envelope protein were identified by interferon-γ ELISpot. Although these results are from a single person who acquired EEEV by a non-traditional mechanism, to our knowledge this work represents the first analysis of the human cellular immune response to EEEV.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.561530/fulleastern equine encephalitis virusadaptive immunitycellular immunityhumoral immunityeastern equine encephalomyelitis |
| spellingShingle | Vanessa Raabe Lilin Lai Yong Xu Chris Huerta Dongli Wang Stephanie M. Pouch Crystal W. Burke Ashley E. Piper Christina L. Gardner Pamela J. Glass Mark J. Mulligan The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation Frontiers in Microbiology eastern equine encephalitis virus adaptive immunity cellular immunity humoral immunity eastern equine encephalomyelitis |
| title | The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation |
| title_full | The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation |
| title_fullStr | The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation |
| title_short | The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation |
| title_sort | immune response to eastern equine encephalitis virus acquired through organ transplantation |
| topic | eastern equine encephalitis virus adaptive immunity cellular immunity humoral immunity eastern equine encephalomyelitis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.561530/full |
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