Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater
Need for irrigated agriculture is rising daily, but quality water for irrigation is on the decline, necessitating the use of urban wastewater as alternative source, particularly in low or middle income countries. This study assessed the effect of urban wastewater irrigation on the quality of groundw...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364722006486 |
| _version_ | 1797952852995342336 |
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| author | Shahla Andleeb Khalil Ur Rehman Adeel Mahmood Mohamed Farouk Elsadek Noor Ul Safa Dina S. Hussein Maha M. Essam El-Din |
| author_facet | Shahla Andleeb Khalil Ur Rehman Adeel Mahmood Mohamed Farouk Elsadek Noor Ul Safa Dina S. Hussein Maha M. Essam El-Din |
| author_sort | Shahla Andleeb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Need for irrigated agriculture is rising daily, but quality water for irrigation is on the decline, necessitating the use of urban wastewater as alternative source, particularly in low or middle income countries. This study assessed the effect of urban wastewater irrigation on the quality of groundwater, soil and vegetables in farms around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Human health risks of heavy metals were investigated through consumption of wastewater irrigated vegetables. Samples of soil, vegetables and water were obtained and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, Cd; lead, Pb; manganese, Mn; nickel, Ni; cobalt, Co; and zinc, Zn). The groundwater could be declared safe for consumption in the present state, as concentration of heavy metals standards. But wastewater-irrigated vegetables had higher Pb, Cd and Mn than the permissible limits. In wastewater-irrigated vegetables, highest HRI-Pb was recorded in mustard leaf and cabbage and was >1. EF for Zn and Mn in all vegetable plants, Ni in potato and cauliflower, Pb in mustard leaf and cabbage were >1.5, suggesting that the metals were generated by anthropogenic processes (such as wastewater irrigation). Long-term irrigation of farmlands with the wastewater will result to heavy metal contamination of groundwater, soil and vegetables in the study area. Therefore, strategies to save the groundwater from future contamination are necessary. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:52:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7735fcccbcf84a65915219f12bd2c897 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1018-3647 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:52:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-7735fcccbcf84a65915219f12bd2c8972023-01-15T04:21:15ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Science1018-36472023-02-01352102467Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewaterShahla Andleeb0Khalil Ur Rehman1Adeel Mahmood2Mohamed Farouk Elsadek3Noor Ul Safa4Dina S. Hussein5Maha M. Essam El-Din6Department of Environmental Science, Government College Women University, Sialkot, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Science, Government College Women University, Sialkot, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Science, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan; Corresponding authors.Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors.Department of Environmental Science, Government College Women University, Sialkot, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health, Cleveland State University, Cleveland 44115, USANutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, EgyptNeed for irrigated agriculture is rising daily, but quality water for irrigation is on the decline, necessitating the use of urban wastewater as alternative source, particularly in low or middle income countries. This study assessed the effect of urban wastewater irrigation on the quality of groundwater, soil and vegetables in farms around Faisalabad, Pakistan. Human health risks of heavy metals were investigated through consumption of wastewater irrigated vegetables. Samples of soil, vegetables and water were obtained and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, Cd; lead, Pb; manganese, Mn; nickel, Ni; cobalt, Co; and zinc, Zn). The groundwater could be declared safe for consumption in the present state, as concentration of heavy metals standards. But wastewater-irrigated vegetables had higher Pb, Cd and Mn than the permissible limits. In wastewater-irrigated vegetables, highest HRI-Pb was recorded in mustard leaf and cabbage and was >1. EF for Zn and Mn in all vegetable plants, Ni in potato and cauliflower, Pb in mustard leaf and cabbage were >1.5, suggesting that the metals were generated by anthropogenic processes (such as wastewater irrigation). Long-term irrigation of farmlands with the wastewater will result to heavy metal contamination of groundwater, soil and vegetables in the study area. Therefore, strategies to save the groundwater from future contamination are necessary.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364722006486ContaminationDIMEnrichment factorFaisalabadHeavy metal concentrationsHealth risk index |
| spellingShingle | Shahla Andleeb Khalil Ur Rehman Adeel Mahmood Mohamed Farouk Elsadek Noor Ul Safa Dina S. Hussein Maha M. Essam El-Din Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater Journal of King Saud University: Science Contamination DIM Enrichment factor Faisalabad Heavy metal concentrations Health risk index |
| title | Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater |
| title_full | Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater |
| title_short | Human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater |
| title_sort | human health risk hazards by heavy metals through consumption of vegetables cultivated by wastewater |
| topic | Contamination DIM Enrichment factor Faisalabad Heavy metal concentrations Health risk index |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364722006486 |
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