Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle
Skeletal muscles are considered to date the best existing actuator in nature thanks to their hierarchical multiscale fibrous structure capable to enhance their strength and contractile performances. In recent years, driven by the growing of the soft robotics and tissue-engineering research field, ma...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00767/full |
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| author | Carlo Gotti Alberto Sensini Gianmaria Fornaia Chiara Gualandi Chiara Gualandi Andrea Zucchelli Andrea Zucchelli Maria Letizia Focarete Maria Letizia Focarete |
| author_facet | Carlo Gotti Alberto Sensini Gianmaria Fornaia Chiara Gualandi Chiara Gualandi Andrea Zucchelli Andrea Zucchelli Maria Letizia Focarete Maria Letizia Focarete |
| author_sort | Carlo Gotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletal muscles are considered to date the best existing actuator in nature thanks to their hierarchical multiscale fibrous structure capable to enhance their strength and contractile performances. In recent years, driven by the growing of the soft robotics and tissue-engineering research field, many biomimetic soft actuators and scaffolds were designed by taking inspiration from the biological skeletal muscle. In this work we used the electrospinning technique to develop a hierarchically arranged nanofibrous structure resembling the morphology and passive biomechanical properties of skeletal muscles. To mimic the passive properties of muscle, a low-modulus polyurethane was used. Several electrospun structures (mats, bundles, and a muscle-like assembly) were produced with different internal 3D arrangements of the nanofibers. A thermal characterization through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis investigated the physico-chemical properties of the material. The multiscale morphological similarities with the biological counterpart were verified by means of scanning electron microscopy investigation. The tensile tests on the different electrospun samples revealed that the muscle-like assembly presented slightly higher strength and stiffness compared to the skeletal muscle ones. Moreover, mathematical models of the mechanical behavior of the nanofibrous structures were successfully developed, allowing to better investigate the relationships between structure and mechanics of the samples. The promising results suggest the suitability of this hierarchical electrospun nanofibrous structure for applications in regenerative medicine and, if combined with active materials, in soft actuators for robotic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:58:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7763260dfc19420381ecafcf5e82a60b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:58:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7763260dfc19420381ecafcf5e82a60b2022-12-21T18:44:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852020-07-01810.3389/fbioe.2020.00767556692Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial MuscleCarlo Gotti0Alberto Sensini1Gianmaria Fornaia2Chiara Gualandi3Chiara Gualandi4Andrea Zucchelli5Andrea Zucchelli6Maria Letizia Focarete7Maria Letizia Focarete8Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyAdvanced Mechanics and Materials–Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Bologna Research Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyAdvanced Mechanics and Materials–Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Bologna Research Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyAdvanced Mechanics and Materials–Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Bologna Research Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyHealth Sciences and Technologies–Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-HST), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, ItalySkeletal muscles are considered to date the best existing actuator in nature thanks to their hierarchical multiscale fibrous structure capable to enhance their strength and contractile performances. In recent years, driven by the growing of the soft robotics and tissue-engineering research field, many biomimetic soft actuators and scaffolds were designed by taking inspiration from the biological skeletal muscle. In this work we used the electrospinning technique to develop a hierarchically arranged nanofibrous structure resembling the morphology and passive biomechanical properties of skeletal muscles. To mimic the passive properties of muscle, a low-modulus polyurethane was used. Several electrospun structures (mats, bundles, and a muscle-like assembly) were produced with different internal 3D arrangements of the nanofibers. A thermal characterization through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis investigated the physico-chemical properties of the material. The multiscale morphological similarities with the biological counterpart were verified by means of scanning electron microscopy investigation. The tensile tests on the different electrospun samples revealed that the muscle-like assembly presented slightly higher strength and stiffness compared to the skeletal muscle ones. Moreover, mathematical models of the mechanical behavior of the nanofibrous structures were successfully developed, allowing to better investigate the relationships between structure and mechanics of the samples. The promising results suggest the suitability of this hierarchical electrospun nanofibrous structure for applications in regenerative medicine and, if combined with active materials, in soft actuators for robotic.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00767/fullelectrospinninghierarchical structuresartificial musclebioinspired structurespolyurethanenanofibers |
| spellingShingle | Carlo Gotti Alberto Sensini Gianmaria Fornaia Chiara Gualandi Chiara Gualandi Andrea Zucchelli Andrea Zucchelli Maria Letizia Focarete Maria Letizia Focarete Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology electrospinning hierarchical structures artificial muscle bioinspired structures polyurethane nanofibers |
| title | Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle |
| title_full | Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle |
| title_fullStr | Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle |
| title_short | Biomimetic Hierarchically Arranged Nanofibrous Structures Resembling the Architecture and the Passive Mechanical Properties of Skeletal Muscles: A Step Forward Toward Artificial Muscle |
| title_sort | biomimetic hierarchically arranged nanofibrous structures resembling the architecture and the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles a step forward toward artificial muscle |
| topic | electrospinning hierarchical structures artificial muscle bioinspired structures polyurethane nanofibers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00767/full |
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