Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer
The intestinal immune system has the difficult task of protecting a large environmentally exposed single layer of epithelium from pathogens without allowing inappropriate inflammatory responses. Unmitigated inflammation drives multiple pathologies, including the development of colorectal cancer. CD4...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.694833/full |
| _version_ | 1819118369279836160 |
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| author | Daniel DiToro Daniel DiToro Daniel DiToro Rajatava Basu |
| author_facet | Daniel DiToro Daniel DiToro Daniel DiToro Rajatava Basu |
| author_sort | Daniel DiToro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intestinal immune system has the difficult task of protecting a large environmentally exposed single layer of epithelium from pathogens without allowing inappropriate inflammatory responses. Unmitigated inflammation drives multiple pathologies, including the development of colorectal cancer. CD4+T cells mediate both the suppression and promotion of intestinal inflammation. They comprise an array of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets tailored to a specific inflammatory context. This diversity of form and function is relevant to a broad array of pathologic and physiologic processes. The heterogeneity underlying both effector and regulatory T helper cell responses to colorectal cancer, and its impact on disease progression, is reviewed herein. Importantly, T cell responses are dynamic; they exhibit both quantitative and qualitative changes as the inflammatory context shifts. Recent evidence outlines the role of CD4+T cells in colorectal cancer responses and suggests possible mechanisms driving qualitative alterations in anti-cancer immune responses. The heterogeneity of T cells in colorectal cancer, as well as the manner and mechanism by which they change, offer an abundance of opportunities for more specific, and likely effective, interventional strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:47:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7764ea7d8c5d4b42b10c17bb7c07d8d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:47:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7764ea7d8c5d4b42b10c17bb7c07d8d72022-12-21T18:36:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-08-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.694833694833Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal CancerDaniel DiToro0Daniel DiToro1Daniel DiToro2Rajatava Basu3Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United StatesHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesRagon Institute of MGH MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United StatesDivision of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United StatesThe intestinal immune system has the difficult task of protecting a large environmentally exposed single layer of epithelium from pathogens without allowing inappropriate inflammatory responses. Unmitigated inflammation drives multiple pathologies, including the development of colorectal cancer. CD4+T cells mediate both the suppression and promotion of intestinal inflammation. They comprise an array of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets tailored to a specific inflammatory context. This diversity of form and function is relevant to a broad array of pathologic and physiologic processes. The heterogeneity underlying both effector and regulatory T helper cell responses to colorectal cancer, and its impact on disease progression, is reviewed herein. Importantly, T cell responses are dynamic; they exhibit both quantitative and qualitative changes as the inflammatory context shifts. Recent evidence outlines the role of CD4+T cells in colorectal cancer responses and suggests possible mechanisms driving qualitative alterations in anti-cancer immune responses. The heterogeneity of T cells in colorectal cancer, as well as the manner and mechanism by which they change, offer an abundance of opportunities for more specific, and likely effective, interventional strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.694833/fullCD4+T celleffector T cellregulatory T cell (Treg)T follicular helper cell (Tfh)T follicular regulatory cell (Tfr)lineage programming, plasticity |
| spellingShingle | Daniel DiToro Daniel DiToro Daniel DiToro Rajatava Basu Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer Frontiers in Immunology CD4+T cell effector T cell regulatory T cell (Treg) T follicular helper cell (Tfh) T follicular regulatory cell (Tfr) lineage programming, plasticity |
| title | Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full | Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_short | Emerging Complexity in CD4+T Lineage Programming and Its Implications in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_sort | emerging complexity in cd4 t lineage programming and its implications in colorectal cancer |
| topic | CD4+T cell effector T cell regulatory T cell (Treg) T follicular helper cell (Tfh) T follicular regulatory cell (Tfr) lineage programming, plasticity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.694833/full |
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