Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel
To determine the effects of C/A ratio (CaO/Al2O3) and the basicity B (CaO/SiO2) of Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO(–CaF2) refining slags on the characteristics of inclusions and sulfur (S) content in 316L stainless steels, equilibrium experiments between the slag and steel were carried out at 1873 K under labora...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423021713 |
| _version_ | 1797646655331237888 |
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| author | Cheng-song Liu Xiu-guo Ran Hua Zhang Jie Li Yong Wang Yuan-yuan Lu Li Xiong Hong-wei Ni |
| author_facet | Cheng-song Liu Xiu-guo Ran Hua Zhang Jie Li Yong Wang Yuan-yuan Lu Li Xiong Hong-wei Ni |
| author_sort | Cheng-song Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To determine the effects of C/A ratio (CaO/Al2O3) and the basicity B (CaO/SiO2) of Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO(–CaF2) refining slags on the characteristics of inclusions and sulfur (S) content in 316L stainless steels, equilibrium experiments between the slag and steel were carried out at 1873 K under laboratory conditions. Thermodynamic investigations were performed to understand how the chemical compositions of the inclusions changed and to evaluate the desulfurization capabilities of the refining slags. Additionally, a mathematical model was established for predicting the separation of nonmetallic inclusions during refining and characterizing the movements of the inclusions at the “slag–steel” interface. First, the findings showed that increasing the slag basicity B in the range of 1.0–7.0 led to a reduction in the dissolved [O] mass fraction from 0.0033% to 0.0021% and the total oxygen (T.O.) from 0.0050% to 0.0031% while also slightly improving the cleanliness of the steel by increasing the C/A ratio within the range 1.0–2.2. Then, the average compositions of the inclusions in the steel were approximately (mol pct SiO2)/(mol pct MnO) = 0.57 (±0.08), and the Al2O3 content grew from 6.55% to 18.36% (mol pct), while increasing the slag basicity B resulted in an increase in the Al2O3 content of the inclusions. Once the B exceeded 5.0, further increases in the slag basicity did not continuously increase the desulfurization capability. Finally, all calculations of refining slag with the model yielded separation rates were higher than 80% for inclusions with diameters of 5 μm. For inclusion removal after slag refining, the results of the experiments exhibited consistent agreement with the predictions from the mathematical model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:04:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77759377684941d3aed5f64cfe3f7512 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:04:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-77759377684941d3aed5f64cfe3f75122023-10-30T06:04:24ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-09-012671997212Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steelCheng-song Liu0Xiu-guo Ran1Hua Zhang2Jie Li3Yong Wang4Yuan-yuan Lu5Li Xiong6Hong-wei Ni7The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Corresponding author. The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, ChinaHubei Guoan Special Steel Inspection Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435000, Hubei, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, ChinaHubei Guoan Special Steel Inspection Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435000, Hubei, ChinaHubei Guoan Special Steel Inspection Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435000, Hubei, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, ChinaTo determine the effects of C/A ratio (CaO/Al2O3) and the basicity B (CaO/SiO2) of Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO(–CaF2) refining slags on the characteristics of inclusions and sulfur (S) content in 316L stainless steels, equilibrium experiments between the slag and steel were carried out at 1873 K under laboratory conditions. Thermodynamic investigations were performed to understand how the chemical compositions of the inclusions changed and to evaluate the desulfurization capabilities of the refining slags. Additionally, a mathematical model was established for predicting the separation of nonmetallic inclusions during refining and characterizing the movements of the inclusions at the “slag–steel” interface. First, the findings showed that increasing the slag basicity B in the range of 1.0–7.0 led to a reduction in the dissolved [O] mass fraction from 0.0033% to 0.0021% and the total oxygen (T.O.) from 0.0050% to 0.0031% while also slightly improving the cleanliness of the steel by increasing the C/A ratio within the range 1.0–2.2. Then, the average compositions of the inclusions in the steel were approximately (mol pct SiO2)/(mol pct MnO) = 0.57 (±0.08), and the Al2O3 content grew from 6.55% to 18.36% (mol pct), while increasing the slag basicity B resulted in an increase in the Al2O3 content of the inclusions. Once the B exceeded 5.0, further increases in the slag basicity did not continuously increase the desulfurization capability. Finally, all calculations of refining slag with the model yielded separation rates were higher than 80% for inclusions with diameters of 5 μm. For inclusion removal after slag refining, the results of the experiments exhibited consistent agreement with the predictions from the mathematical model.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423021713316L stainless steelC/A ratio and basicity of refining slag“Slag–steel” equilibrium reactionInclusion transformationInclusion separation rate |
| spellingShingle | Cheng-song Liu Xiu-guo Ran Hua Zhang Jie Li Yong Wang Yuan-yuan Lu Li Xiong Hong-wei Ni Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel Journal of Materials Research and Technology 316L stainless steel C/A ratio and basicity of refining slag “Slag–steel” equilibrium reaction Inclusion transformation Inclusion separation rate |
| title | Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel |
| title_full | Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel |
| title_fullStr | Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel |
| title_short | Influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel |
| title_sort | influence of refining slag on transformation and separation of nonmetallic inclusions in 316l stainless steel |
| topic | 316L stainless steel C/A ratio and basicity of refining slag “Slag–steel” equilibrium reaction Inclusion transformation Inclusion separation rate |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423021713 |
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