In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling
Abstract Background With additive manufacturing (AM) individual and biocompatible implants can be generated by using suitable materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological effects of polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) on osteoblasts in vitro ac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Biological Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13036-017-0073-4 |
| _version_ | 1818436350322409472 |
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| author | Matthias C. Wurm Tobias Möst Bastian Bergauer Dominik Rietzel Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam Sandra C. Cifuentes Cornelius von Wilmowsky |
| author_facet | Matthias C. Wurm Tobias Möst Bastian Bergauer Dominik Rietzel Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam Sandra C. Cifuentes Cornelius von Wilmowsky |
| author_sort | Matthias C. Wurm |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background With additive manufacturing (AM) individual and biocompatible implants can be generated by using suitable materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological effects of polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) on osteoblasts in vitro according to European Norm / International Organization for Standardization 10,993–5. Method Human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) were seeded onto PLA samples produced by FDM and investigated for cell viability by fluorescence staining after 24 h. Cell proliferation was measured after 1, 3, 7 and 10 days by cell-counting and cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. For control, we used titanium samples and polystyrene (PS). Results Cell viability showed higher viability on PLA (95,3% ± 2.1%) than in control (91,7% ±2,7%). Cell proliferation was highest in the control group (polystyrene) and higher on PLA samples compared to the titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogenous covering of sample surface with regularly spread cells on PLA as well as on titanium. Conclusion The manufacturing of PLA discs from polylactic acid using FDM was successful. The in vitro investigation with human fetal osteoblasts showed no cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, FDM does not seem to alter biocompatibility of PLA. Nonetheless osteoblasts showed reduced growth on PLA compared to the polystyrene control within the cell experiments. This could be attributed to surface roughness and possible release of residual monomers. Those influences could be investigated in further studies and thus lead to improvement in the additive manufacturing process. In addition, further research focused on the effect of PLA on bone growth should follow. In summary, PLA processed in Fused Deposition Modelling seems to be an attractive material and method for reconstructive surgery because of their biocompatibility and the possibility to produce individually shaped scaffolds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:07:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77835dcbaaa447d88f8fd383c7ed79f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1754-1611 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:07:23Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Biological Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-77835dcbaaa447d88f8fd383c7ed79f82022-12-21T22:53:41ZengBMCJournal of Biological Engineering1754-16112017-09-011111910.1186/s13036-017-0073-4In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modelingMatthias C. Wurm0Tobias Möst1Bastian Bergauer2Dominik Rietzel3Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam4Sandra C. Cifuentes5Cornelius von Wilmowsky6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital ErlangenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital ErlangenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital ErlangenInstitute for Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital ErlangenDepartamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química, IAABDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital ErlangenAbstract Background With additive manufacturing (AM) individual and biocompatible implants can be generated by using suitable materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological effects of polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) on osteoblasts in vitro according to European Norm / International Organization for Standardization 10,993–5. Method Human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) were seeded onto PLA samples produced by FDM and investigated for cell viability by fluorescence staining after 24 h. Cell proliferation was measured after 1, 3, 7 and 10 days by cell-counting and cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. For control, we used titanium samples and polystyrene (PS). Results Cell viability showed higher viability on PLA (95,3% ± 2.1%) than in control (91,7% ±2,7%). Cell proliferation was highest in the control group (polystyrene) and higher on PLA samples compared to the titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogenous covering of sample surface with regularly spread cells on PLA as well as on titanium. Conclusion The manufacturing of PLA discs from polylactic acid using FDM was successful. The in vitro investigation with human fetal osteoblasts showed no cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, FDM does not seem to alter biocompatibility of PLA. Nonetheless osteoblasts showed reduced growth on PLA compared to the polystyrene control within the cell experiments. This could be attributed to surface roughness and possible release of residual monomers. Those influences could be investigated in further studies and thus lead to improvement in the additive manufacturing process. In addition, further research focused on the effect of PLA on bone growth should follow. In summary, PLA processed in Fused Deposition Modelling seems to be an attractive material and method for reconstructive surgery because of their biocompatibility and the possibility to produce individually shaped scaffolds.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13036-017-0073-4Fused deposition modelingPolylactic acidOsteoblastAdditive manufacturing3D printing |
| spellingShingle | Matthias C. Wurm Tobias Möst Bastian Bergauer Dominik Rietzel Friedrich Wilhelm Neukam Sandra C. Cifuentes Cornelius von Wilmowsky In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling Journal of Biological Engineering Fused deposition modeling Polylactic acid Osteoblast Additive manufacturing 3D printing |
| title | In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling |
| title_full | In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling |
| title_fullStr | In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling |
| title_short | In-vitro evaluation of Polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling |
| title_sort | in vitro evaluation of polylactic acid pla manufactured by fused deposition modeling |
| topic | Fused deposition modeling Polylactic acid Osteoblast Additive manufacturing 3D printing |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13036-017-0073-4 |
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