Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer
Homeobox genes serve as master regulatory transcription factors that regulate gene expression during embryogenesis. A homeobox gene may have either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties depending on the specific organ or cell lineage where it is expressed. The dysregulation of homeobox gen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/16/2641 |
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| author | Fee-Wai Chin Soon-Choy Chan Abhi Veerakumarasivam |
| author_facet | Fee-Wai Chin Soon-Choy Chan Abhi Veerakumarasivam |
| author_sort | Fee-Wai Chin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Homeobox genes serve as master regulatory transcription factors that regulate gene expression during embryogenesis. A homeobox gene may have either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties depending on the specific organ or cell lineage where it is expressed. The dysregulation of homeobox genes has been reported in various human cancers, including bladder cancer. The dysregulated expression of homeobox genes has been associated with bladder cancer clinical outcomes. Although bladder cancer has high risk of tumor recurrence and progression, it is highly challenging for clinicians to accurately predict the risk of tumor recurrence and progression at the initial point of diagnosis. Cystoscopy is the routine surveillance method used to detect tumor recurrence. However, the procedure causes significant discomfort and pain that results in poor surveillance follow-up amongst patients. Therefore, the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer is crucial. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and prognostic potential of homeobox gene expression dysregulation in bladder cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:00:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7786d55a80954cd7ae3d24d2bf11fe00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:00:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7786d55a80954cd7ae3d24d2bf11fe002023-11-19T00:48:01ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-08-011316264110.3390/diagnostics13162641Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder CancerFee-Wai Chin0Soon-Choy Chan1Abhi Veerakumarasivam2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur 50490, MalaysiaSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, MalaysiaHomeobox genes serve as master regulatory transcription factors that regulate gene expression during embryogenesis. A homeobox gene may have either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties depending on the specific organ or cell lineage where it is expressed. The dysregulation of homeobox genes has been reported in various human cancers, including bladder cancer. The dysregulated expression of homeobox genes has been associated with bladder cancer clinical outcomes. Although bladder cancer has high risk of tumor recurrence and progression, it is highly challenging for clinicians to accurately predict the risk of tumor recurrence and progression at the initial point of diagnosis. Cystoscopy is the routine surveillance method used to detect tumor recurrence. However, the procedure causes significant discomfort and pain that results in poor surveillance follow-up amongst patients. Therefore, the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer is crucial. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and prognostic potential of homeobox gene expression dysregulation in bladder cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/16/2641biomarkerbladder cancerdiagnosishomeobox genesprognosistumorigenesis |
| spellingShingle | Fee-Wai Chin Soon-Choy Chan Abhi Veerakumarasivam Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer Diagnostics biomarker bladder cancer diagnosis homeobox genes prognosis tumorigenesis |
| title | Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer |
| title_full | Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer |
| title_short | Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer |
| title_sort | homeobox gene expression dysregulation as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in bladder cancer |
| topic | biomarker bladder cancer diagnosis homeobox genes prognosis tumorigenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/16/2641 |
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