Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA
Leaf rust (LR) is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In order to evaluate leaf rust resistance, 70 uncharacterized wheat cultivars and promising lines with unknown leaf rust resistance genes (<i>Lr</i> genes) were exposed to Kazakhstani <i>Puccinia triticina<...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| author | Angelina Malysheva Alma Kokhmetova Rakhym Urazaliev Madina Kumarbayeva Zhenis Keishilov Makpal Nurzhuma Ardak Bolatbekova Assiya Kokhmetova |
| author_facet | Angelina Malysheva Alma Kokhmetova Rakhym Urazaliev Madina Kumarbayeva Zhenis Keishilov Makpal Nurzhuma Ardak Bolatbekova Assiya Kokhmetova |
| author_sort | Angelina Malysheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaf rust (LR) is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In order to evaluate leaf rust resistance, 70 uncharacterized wheat cultivars and promising lines with unknown leaf rust resistance genes (<i>Lr</i> genes) were exposed to Kazakhstani <i>Puccinia triticina</i> (<i>Pt</i>) races at the seedling stage. Field tests were performed to characterize leaf rust responses at the adult plant growth stage in the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 cropping seasons. The wheat collection showed phenotypic diversity when tested with two virulent races of <i>Pt</i>. Thirteen wheat genotypes (18.6%) showed high resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. In most cases, breeding material originating from international nurseries showed higher resistance to LR. Nine <i>Lr</i> genes, viz. <i>Lr9</i>, <i>Lr10</i>, <i>Lr19</i>, <i>Lr26</i>, <i>Lr28</i>, <i>Lr34</i>, <i>Lr37</i>, <i>Lr46</i>, and <i>Lr68,</i> either singly or in combination, were identified in 47 genotypes. Known <i>Lr</i> genes were not detected in the remaining 23 genotypes. The most commonly identified resistance genes were <i>Lr37</i> (17 cultivars), <i>Lr34</i> (16 cultivars), and <i>Lr46</i> (10 cultivars), while <i>Lr19</i>, <i>Lr68</i>, <i>Lr26</i>, and <i>Lr28</i> were the least frequent. Four <i>Lr</i> genes were identified in Keremet and Hisorok, followed by three <i>Lr</i> genes in Aliya, Rasad, Reke, Mataj, Egana and Almaly/Obri. The molecular screening revealed twenty-nine carriers of a single <i>Lr</i> gene, ten carriers of two genes, six carriers of three genes, and two carriers of four genes. Most of these accessions showed a high and moderate level of APR (Adult plant resistance) and may be utilized for the incorporation of <i>Lr</i> genes in well-adapted wheat cultivars. The most effective combination was <i>Lr37</i>, <i>Lr34</i>, and <i>Lr68</i>, the carriers of which were characterized by a low disease susceptibility index. The obtained results will facilitate breeding programs for wheat resistance in Kazakhstan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:35Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7789ebb1ece3441997e1d3492a97cf762023-11-18T23:25:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011215278610.3390/plants12152786Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDAAngelina Malysheva0Alma Kokhmetova1Rakhym Urazaliev2Madina Kumarbayeva3Zhenis Keishilov4Makpal Nurzhuma5Ardak Bolatbekova6Assiya Kokhmetova7Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanKazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak 040909, KazakhstanInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanLeaf rust (LR) is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In order to evaluate leaf rust resistance, 70 uncharacterized wheat cultivars and promising lines with unknown leaf rust resistance genes (<i>Lr</i> genes) were exposed to Kazakhstani <i>Puccinia triticina</i> (<i>Pt</i>) races at the seedling stage. Field tests were performed to characterize leaf rust responses at the adult plant growth stage in the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 cropping seasons. The wheat collection showed phenotypic diversity when tested with two virulent races of <i>Pt</i>. Thirteen wheat genotypes (18.6%) showed high resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. In most cases, breeding material originating from international nurseries showed higher resistance to LR. Nine <i>Lr</i> genes, viz. <i>Lr9</i>, <i>Lr10</i>, <i>Lr19</i>, <i>Lr26</i>, <i>Lr28</i>, <i>Lr34</i>, <i>Lr37</i>, <i>Lr46</i>, and <i>Lr68,</i> either singly or in combination, were identified in 47 genotypes. Known <i>Lr</i> genes were not detected in the remaining 23 genotypes. The most commonly identified resistance genes were <i>Lr37</i> (17 cultivars), <i>Lr34</i> (16 cultivars), and <i>Lr46</i> (10 cultivars), while <i>Lr19</i>, <i>Lr68</i>, <i>Lr26</i>, and <i>Lr28</i> were the least frequent. Four <i>Lr</i> genes were identified in Keremet and Hisorok, followed by three <i>Lr</i> genes in Aliya, Rasad, Reke, Mataj, Egana and Almaly/Obri. The molecular screening revealed twenty-nine carriers of a single <i>Lr</i> gene, ten carriers of two genes, six carriers of three genes, and two carriers of four genes. Most of these accessions showed a high and moderate level of APR (Adult plant resistance) and may be utilized for the incorporation of <i>Lr</i> genes in well-adapted wheat cultivars. The most effective combination was <i>Lr37</i>, <i>Lr34</i>, and <i>Lr68</i>, the carriers of which were characterized by a low disease susceptibility index. The obtained results will facilitate breeding programs for wheat resistance in Kazakhstan.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2786wheat<i>Triticum aestivum</i>leaf rust<i>Puccinia triticina</i>resistance genesmolecular marker |
| spellingShingle | Angelina Malysheva Alma Kokhmetova Rakhym Urazaliev Madina Kumarbayeva Zhenis Keishilov Makpal Nurzhuma Ardak Bolatbekova Assiya Kokhmetova Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA Plants wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> leaf rust <i>Puccinia triticina</i> resistance genes molecular marker |
| title | Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA |
| title_full | Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA |
| title_fullStr | Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA |
| title_short | Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA |
| title_sort | phenotyping and identification of molecular markers associated with leaf rust resistance in the wheat germplasm from kazakhstan cimmyt and icarda |
| topic | wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> leaf rust <i>Puccinia triticina</i> resistance genes molecular marker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2786 |
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