Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya.
<h4>Background</h4>Accurate mapping of schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil transmitted helminths (STH) is a prerequisite for effective implementation of the control and elimination interventions. A precision mapping protocol was developed and implemented in the coastal region of Kenya by appl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011043 |
| _version_ | 1811162591881330688 |
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| author | Stella Kepha Duncan Ochol Florence Wakesho Wyckliff Omondi Sammy M Njenga Kariuki Njaanake Jimmy Kihara Stephen Mwatha Chrisistosom Kanyi Joseph Otieno Oloo Paul Kibati Elodie Yard Laura J Appleby Kevin McRae-McKee Maurice R Odiere Sultani Hadley Matendechero |
| author_facet | Stella Kepha Duncan Ochol Florence Wakesho Wyckliff Omondi Sammy M Njenga Kariuki Njaanake Jimmy Kihara Stephen Mwatha Chrisistosom Kanyi Joseph Otieno Oloo Paul Kibati Elodie Yard Laura J Appleby Kevin McRae-McKee Maurice R Odiere Sultani Hadley Matendechero |
| author_sort | Stella Kepha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Accurate mapping of schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil transmitted helminths (STH) is a prerequisite for effective implementation of the control and elimination interventions. A precision mapping protocol was developed and implemented in the coastal region of Kenya by applying the current World Health Organization (WHO) mapping guide at a much lower administrative level (ward).<h4>Methods</h4>A two-stage cluster survey design was undertaken, with 5 villages in each ward selected. From within each village 50 households were randomly selected, and a single child between the ages of 8 and 14 sampled following appropriate assent. The prevalence and intensity of infection of Schistosoma mansoni and STH were determined using the Kato-Katz method (single stool, duplicate slides) and urine filtration for S. haematobium.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 27,850 school age children sampled, 6.9% were infected with at least one Schistosoma species, with S. haematobium being the most common 6.1% (95% CI: 3.1-11.9), and Tana River County having highest prevalence 19.6% (95% CI: 11.6-31.3). Prevalence of any STH infection was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.7-8.9), with Lamu County having the highest prevalence at 11.9% (95% CI: 10.0-14.1). The most prevalent STH species in the region was Trichuris trichiura at 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0-4.8). According to the WHO threshold for MDA implementation, 31 wards (in 15 sub-Counties) had a prevalence of ≥10% for SCH and thus qualify for annual MDA of all age groups from 2 years old. On the other hand, using the stricter Kenya BTS MDA threshold of ≥2%, 72 wards (in 17 sub-Counties) qualified for MDA and were targeted for treatment in 2021.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The precision mapping at the ward level demonstrated the variations of schistosomiasis prevalence and endemicity by ward even within the same sub-counties. The data collected will be utilized by the Kenyan Ministry of Health to improve targeting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:32:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77998bae1a8d4dc7af30f826b2546c63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:32:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-77998bae1a8d4dc7af30f826b2546c632023-03-01T05:32:38ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352023-01-01171e001104310.1371/journal.pntd.0011043Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya.Stella KephaDuncan OcholFlorence WakeshoWyckliff OmondiSammy M NjengaKariuki NjaanakeJimmy KiharaStephen MwathaChrisistosom KanyiJoseph Otieno OlooPaul KibatiElodie YardLaura J ApplebyKevin McRae-McKeeMaurice R OdiereSultani Hadley Matendechero<h4>Background</h4>Accurate mapping of schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil transmitted helminths (STH) is a prerequisite for effective implementation of the control and elimination interventions. A precision mapping protocol was developed and implemented in the coastal region of Kenya by applying the current World Health Organization (WHO) mapping guide at a much lower administrative level (ward).<h4>Methods</h4>A two-stage cluster survey design was undertaken, with 5 villages in each ward selected. From within each village 50 households were randomly selected, and a single child between the ages of 8 and 14 sampled following appropriate assent. The prevalence and intensity of infection of Schistosoma mansoni and STH were determined using the Kato-Katz method (single stool, duplicate slides) and urine filtration for S. haematobium.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 27,850 school age children sampled, 6.9% were infected with at least one Schistosoma species, with S. haematobium being the most common 6.1% (95% CI: 3.1-11.9), and Tana River County having highest prevalence 19.6% (95% CI: 11.6-31.3). Prevalence of any STH infection was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.7-8.9), with Lamu County having the highest prevalence at 11.9% (95% CI: 10.0-14.1). The most prevalent STH species in the region was Trichuris trichiura at 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0-4.8). According to the WHO threshold for MDA implementation, 31 wards (in 15 sub-Counties) had a prevalence of ≥10% for SCH and thus qualify for annual MDA of all age groups from 2 years old. On the other hand, using the stricter Kenya BTS MDA threshold of ≥2%, 72 wards (in 17 sub-Counties) qualified for MDA and were targeted for treatment in 2021.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The precision mapping at the ward level demonstrated the variations of schistosomiasis prevalence and endemicity by ward even within the same sub-counties. The data collected will be utilized by the Kenyan Ministry of Health to improve targeting.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011043 |
| spellingShingle | Stella Kepha Duncan Ochol Florence Wakesho Wyckliff Omondi Sammy M Njenga Kariuki Njaanake Jimmy Kihara Stephen Mwatha Chrisistosom Kanyi Joseph Otieno Oloo Paul Kibati Elodie Yard Laura J Appleby Kevin McRae-McKee Maurice R Odiere Sultani Hadley Matendechero Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya. |
| title_full | Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya. |
| title_fullStr | Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya. |
| title_short | Precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region, Kenya. |
| title_sort | precision mapping of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis among school age children at the coastal region kenya |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011043 |
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