Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting
In the ancient Chinese recipe for composite mortar used in the construction of ground layers for architectural painting, the mixture of porcine blood and lime water is one of the constituent materials. Herein, according to the traditional recipe, the interaction between porcine blood and lime water...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/191 |
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| author | Cong Cheng Wenhua Ma Rui Chen Yeting Zhu Lizhen Zheng Wei Li Daodao Hu |
| author_facet | Cong Cheng Wenhua Ma Rui Chen Yeting Zhu Lizhen Zheng Wei Li Daodao Hu |
| author_sort | Cong Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the ancient Chinese recipe for composite mortar used in the construction of ground layers for architectural painting, the mixture of porcine blood and lime water is one of the constituent materials. Herein, according to the traditional recipe, the interaction between porcine blood and lime water was systematically and deeply investigated. The experimental investigation demonstrated that porcine blood mixed with lime water at the ratio found in the recipe can form a hydrogel with a hydrophobic surface. During air-drying, the lime water in porcine blood hydrogel can react with CO2 to form calcium carbonate. The crystal morphology of the formed calcium carbonate depends on the surrounding micro-environment of calcium ions in the porcine blood hydrogel. The formed morphology of calcium carbonate includes small calcite crystallites, small graininess calcite crystals with round features, calcite aggregates with layered ladder-like structures, and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). Interestingly, the calcium carbonate formed in the inner part of the porcine blood hydrogel exhibits lamellar distribution due to a Liesegang pattern formation. Based on the findings that the porcine blood hydrogel has surface hydrophobicity and brittleness, it can be predicted that in the preparation process of composite mortar for ancient building color painting base course, porcine blood used in the form of a hydrogel is not only easier to be dispersed in hydrophobic tung oil than in liquid porcine blood but also the affinity between porcine blood gel and tung oil is enhanced. As constituent material dispersed in the composite mortar, the layered distribution of calcium carbonate in the porcine blood hydrogel may presumably be beneficial to reduce the internal stress of the composite mortar material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:14:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7799afcb53de4f0fbae90221257b5dd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-7799afcb53de4f0fbae90221257b5dd62024-03-27T13:42:40ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612024-03-0110319110.3390/gels10030191Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural PaintingCong Cheng0Wenhua Ma1Rui Chen2Yeting Zhu3Lizhen Zheng4Wei Li5Daodao Hu6Engineering Research Center of Historical Cultural Heritage Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Historical Cultural Heritage Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Historical Cultural Heritage Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Historical Cultural Heritage Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, ChinaSchool of Historical Culture and Tourism, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, ChinaShaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Historical Cultural Heritage Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, ChinaIn the ancient Chinese recipe for composite mortar used in the construction of ground layers for architectural painting, the mixture of porcine blood and lime water is one of the constituent materials. Herein, according to the traditional recipe, the interaction between porcine blood and lime water was systematically and deeply investigated. The experimental investigation demonstrated that porcine blood mixed with lime water at the ratio found in the recipe can form a hydrogel with a hydrophobic surface. During air-drying, the lime water in porcine blood hydrogel can react with CO2 to form calcium carbonate. The crystal morphology of the formed calcium carbonate depends on the surrounding micro-environment of calcium ions in the porcine blood hydrogel. The formed morphology of calcium carbonate includes small calcite crystallites, small graininess calcite crystals with round features, calcite aggregates with layered ladder-like structures, and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). Interestingly, the calcium carbonate formed in the inner part of the porcine blood hydrogel exhibits lamellar distribution due to a Liesegang pattern formation. Based on the findings that the porcine blood hydrogel has surface hydrophobicity and brittleness, it can be predicted that in the preparation process of composite mortar for ancient building color painting base course, porcine blood used in the form of a hydrogel is not only easier to be dispersed in hydrophobic tung oil than in liquid porcine blood but also the affinity between porcine blood gel and tung oil is enhanced. As constituent material dispersed in the composite mortar, the layered distribution of calcium carbonate in the porcine blood hydrogel may presumably be beneficial to reduce the internal stress of the composite mortar material.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/191porcine blood hydrogeltraditional mortarancient Chinese architectural paintingcarbonationlime water |
| spellingShingle | Cong Cheng Wenhua Ma Rui Chen Yeting Zhu Lizhen Zheng Wei Li Daodao Hu Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting Gels porcine blood hydrogel traditional mortar ancient Chinese architectural painting carbonation lime water |
| title | Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting |
| title_full | Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting |
| title_fullStr | Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting |
| title_short | Study on Carbonation of Porcine Blood Hydrogel in the Composite Mortar of Ancient Chinese Architectural Painting |
| title_sort | study on carbonation of porcine blood hydrogel in the composite mortar of ancient chinese architectural painting |
| topic | porcine blood hydrogel traditional mortar ancient Chinese architectural painting carbonation lime water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/191 |
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