Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions
Prevented and preventable fractions have been widely used in medical science to evaluate the proportion of new diseases that can be averted by a protective exposure. However, most existing formulas used in practical situations cannot be interpreted as proportions without any further assumptions beca...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Causal Inference |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/jci-2016-0020 |
| _version_ | 1830177202295013376 |
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| author | Yamada Kentaro Kuroki Manabu |
| author_facet | Yamada Kentaro Kuroki Manabu |
| author_sort | Yamada Kentaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prevented and preventable fractions have been widely used in medical science to evaluate the proportion of new diseases that can be averted by a protective exposure. However, most existing formulas used in practical situations cannot be interpreted as proportions without any further assumptions because they are obtained according to different target populations and may fall outside the range [0.000,1.000]$[0.000,1.000]$. To solve this problem, this paper proposes counterfactual-based prevented and preventable proportions. When both causal effects and observed probabilities are available, we show that the proposed measures are identifiable under the negative monotonicity assumption. Additionally, when the negative monotonicity assumption is violated, we formulate the bounds on the proposed measures. We also show that negative monotonicity together with exogeneity induces equivalence between the proposed measures and existing measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:20:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7799b1dbd11c45c78dfa597d63139cd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2193-3677 2193-3685 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:20:09Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Causal Inference |
| spelling | doaj.art-7799b1dbd11c45c78dfa597d63139cd02022-12-21T21:35:36ZengDe GruyterJournal of Causal Inference2193-36772193-36852017-09-01525677010.1515/jci-2016-0020Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable ProportionsYamada Kentaro0Kuroki Manabu1Department of Statistical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, JapanPrevented and preventable fractions have been widely used in medical science to evaluate the proportion of new diseases that can be averted by a protective exposure. However, most existing formulas used in practical situations cannot be interpreted as proportions without any further assumptions because they are obtained according to different target populations and may fall outside the range [0.000,1.000]$[0.000,1.000]$. To solve this problem, this paper proposes counterfactual-based prevented and preventable proportions. When both causal effects and observed probabilities are available, we show that the proposed measures are identifiable under the negative monotonicity assumption. Additionally, when the negative monotonicity assumption is violated, we formulate the bounds on the proposed measures. We also show that negative monotonicity together with exogeneity induces equivalence between the proposed measures and existing measures.https://doi.org/10.1515/jci-2016-0020prevented fractionpreventable fractionattributable fractionexcess fractionvaccine efficacy |
| spellingShingle | Yamada Kentaro Kuroki Manabu Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions Journal of Causal Inference prevented fraction preventable fraction attributable fraction excess fraction vaccine efficacy |
| title | Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions |
| title_full | Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions |
| title_fullStr | Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions |
| title_short | Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions |
| title_sort | counterfactual based prevented and preventable proportions |
| topic | prevented fraction preventable fraction attributable fraction excess fraction vaccine efficacy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/jci-2016-0020 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yamadakentaro counterfactualbasedpreventedandpreventableproportions AT kurokimanabu counterfactualbasedpreventedandpreventableproportions |