Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone
The comprehensive use of organic, inorganic, and biological components of nutrient management in rice ecologies can potentially address the twin challenges of declining factor productivity and deteriorating soil health. A field study was thus conducted at Varanasi, India during the year 2013–14 and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2021.758572/full |
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| author | Pravin Kumar Upadhyay Avijit Sen Yashwant Singh Ram Kumar Singh Saroj Kumar Prasad Ardith Sankar Vinod Kumar Singh S. K. Dutta Rakesh Kumar Sanjay Singh Rathore Kapila Shekhawat Subhash Babu Rajiv Kumar Singh Bipin Kumar Abir Dey G. A. Rajanna Ramesh Kulshekaran |
| author_facet | Pravin Kumar Upadhyay Avijit Sen Yashwant Singh Ram Kumar Singh Saroj Kumar Prasad Ardith Sankar Vinod Kumar Singh S. K. Dutta Rakesh Kumar Sanjay Singh Rathore Kapila Shekhawat Subhash Babu Rajiv Kumar Singh Bipin Kumar Abir Dey G. A. Rajanna Ramesh Kulshekaran |
| author_sort | Pravin Kumar Upadhyay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The comprehensive use of organic, inorganic, and biological components of nutrient management in rice ecologies can potentially address the twin challenges of declining factor productivity and deteriorating soil health. A field study was thus conducted at Varanasi, India during the year 2013–14 and 2014–15 to assess the effect of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with cow product (blends of 5 cow by-products i.e., dung, ghee, curd, urine, and milk that is known as panchagavya) on soil health, energy budget, and rice productivity. The results revealed that the inclusion of panchagavya as seedling root dip + 6% spray at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) + an application with irrigation water (15 l ha−1) at 60 DAT (D4) along with 100% RDF (F3) noted significantly higher rice grain yield (6.34 t ha−1) and higher dehydrogenase activity. However, the soil bacterial and actinomycetes population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher with D4 along with 120% RDF (F4). Carbon output (5,608 kg CO2 eq ha−1), energy use parameters viz. energy output (187,867 MJ ha−1), net energy returns (164,319 MJ ha−1), and energy intensity valuation (5.08 MJ ) were significantly higher under F4. However, the energy ratio (8.68), energy productivity (0.292 kg MJ−1), and energy profitability (7.68) remained highest with 80% RDF (F2), while the highest carbohydrate equivalent yield (4,641 kg mha−1) was produced under F3. The combination of F3 with D4 resulted in the highest productivity, optimum energy balance, and maintaining soil quality. Therefore, a judicious combination of cow product (panchagavya) with RDF was found to improve the rice productivity, energy profitability, and soil quality under south Asian eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:40:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-779fef5622d243bb8bbe8e0f74bbafdc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3218 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:40:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-779fef5622d243bb8bbe8e0f74bbafdc2022-12-21T19:33:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182022-01-01310.3389/fagro.2021.758572758572Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains ZonePravin Kumar Upadhyay0Avijit Sen1Yashwant Singh2Ram Kumar Singh3Saroj Kumar Prasad4Ardith Sankar5Vinod Kumar Singh6S. K. Dutta7Rakesh Kumar8Sanjay Singh Rathore9Kapila Shekhawat10Subhash Babu11Rajiv Kumar Singh12Bipin Kumar13Abir Dey14G. A. Rajanna15Ramesh Kulshekaran16ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, IndiaMohammed VI Polytechnic University Ben Guerir, Casablanca, MoroccoICAR-RCER, Patna, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-DGR, Regional Research Station, Anantapur, IndiaICAR-IIOR, Hyderabad, IndiaThe comprehensive use of organic, inorganic, and biological components of nutrient management in rice ecologies can potentially address the twin challenges of declining factor productivity and deteriorating soil health. A field study was thus conducted at Varanasi, India during the year 2013–14 and 2014–15 to assess the effect of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with cow product (blends of 5 cow by-products i.e., dung, ghee, curd, urine, and milk that is known as panchagavya) on soil health, energy budget, and rice productivity. The results revealed that the inclusion of panchagavya as seedling root dip + 6% spray at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) + an application with irrigation water (15 l ha−1) at 60 DAT (D4) along with 100% RDF (F3) noted significantly higher rice grain yield (6.34 t ha−1) and higher dehydrogenase activity. However, the soil bacterial and actinomycetes population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher with D4 along with 120% RDF (F4). Carbon output (5,608 kg CO2 eq ha−1), energy use parameters viz. energy output (187,867 MJ ha−1), net energy returns (164,319 MJ ha−1), and energy intensity valuation (5.08 MJ ) were significantly higher under F4. However, the energy ratio (8.68), energy productivity (0.292 kg MJ−1), and energy profitability (7.68) remained highest with 80% RDF (F2), while the highest carbohydrate equivalent yield (4,641 kg mha−1) was produced under F3. The combination of F3 with D4 resulted in the highest productivity, optimum energy balance, and maintaining soil quality. Therefore, a judicious combination of cow product (panchagavya) with RDF was found to improve the rice productivity, energy profitability, and soil quality under south Asian eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2021.758572/fullcarbohydrate equivalentdehydrogenaseenergymicrobial populationpanchagavyaSMBC |
| spellingShingle | Pravin Kumar Upadhyay Avijit Sen Yashwant Singh Ram Kumar Singh Saroj Kumar Prasad Ardith Sankar Vinod Kumar Singh S. K. Dutta Rakesh Kumar Sanjay Singh Rathore Kapila Shekhawat Subhash Babu Rajiv Kumar Singh Bipin Kumar Abir Dey G. A. Rajanna Ramesh Kulshekaran Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone Frontiers in Agronomy carbohydrate equivalent dehydrogenase energy microbial population panchagavya SMBC |
| title | Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone |
| title_full | Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone |
| title_fullStr | Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone |
| title_short | Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone |
| title_sort | soil health energy budget and rice productivity as influenced by cow products application with fertilizers under south asian eastern indo gangetic plains zone |
| topic | carbohydrate equivalent dehydrogenase energy microbial population panchagavya SMBC |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2021.758572/full |
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