Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub>
Mechanochemistry is a method that can cover the energy demand of reaction pathways between solid materials. This requires enough energy to maintain the reactions between the starting materials. This is called “high-energy milling”. In our case, a planetary ball mill provided the required energy. Usi...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Chemistry |
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| author | Gábor Kozma Kata Lipták Cora Deák Andrea Rónavári Ákos Kukovecz Zoltán Kónya |
| author_facet | Gábor Kozma Kata Lipták Cora Deák Andrea Rónavári Ákos Kukovecz Zoltán Kónya |
| author_sort | Gábor Kozma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mechanochemistry is a method that can cover the energy demand of reaction pathways between solid materials. This requires enough energy to maintain the reactions between the starting materials. This is called “high-energy milling”. In our case, a planetary ball mill provided the required energy. Using the Burgio-equation, the required energy is determinable; the energy released during a single impact of a milling ball (E<sub>b</sub>), as well as during the whole milling process (E<sub>cum</sub>). The aim of this work was the one-step production of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> from BaO and TiO<sub>2</sub> starting materials. Whereas during mechanochemical reactions it is possible to produce nanoparticles of up to 10 nm, the essence of this study is to develop the preparation of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> with a perovskite structure even without subsequent heat treatment, since sintering at high temperatures is associated with a rapid increase in the size of the particles. By describing the synthesis parameters and their energy values (E<sub>b</sub> and E<sub>cum</sub>), it is possible to transpose experimental conditions, so that in the case of other types of planetary ball mills or grinding vessel made of other materials, the results can be used. In this study, the mechanical treatment was carried out with a Fritsch Pulverisette-6 planetary ball mill and the transformation of the starting materials was investigated by X-ray diffractometric, Raman and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic, and transmission electron microscopic measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:09:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77a65e813bf8454fa66f8461918ce000 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-8549 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:09:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-77a65e813bf8454fa66f8461918ce0002023-11-23T16:03:44ZengMDPI AGChemistry2624-85492022-06-014259260210.3390/chemistry4020042Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub>Gábor Kozma0Kata Lipták1Cora Deák2Andrea Rónavári3Ákos Kukovecz4Zoltán Kónya5Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, HungaryMechanochemistry is a method that can cover the energy demand of reaction pathways between solid materials. This requires enough energy to maintain the reactions between the starting materials. This is called “high-energy milling”. In our case, a planetary ball mill provided the required energy. Using the Burgio-equation, the required energy is determinable; the energy released during a single impact of a milling ball (E<sub>b</sub>), as well as during the whole milling process (E<sub>cum</sub>). The aim of this work was the one-step production of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> from BaO and TiO<sub>2</sub> starting materials. Whereas during mechanochemical reactions it is possible to produce nanoparticles of up to 10 nm, the essence of this study is to develop the preparation of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> with a perovskite structure even without subsequent heat treatment, since sintering at high temperatures is associated with a rapid increase in the size of the particles. By describing the synthesis parameters and their energy values (E<sub>b</sub> and E<sub>cum</sub>), it is possible to transpose experimental conditions, so that in the case of other types of planetary ball mills or grinding vessel made of other materials, the results can be used. In this study, the mechanical treatment was carried out with a Fritsch Pulverisette-6 planetary ball mill and the transformation of the starting materials was investigated by X-ray diffractometric, Raman and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic, and transmission electron microscopic measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/4/2/42mechanochemistryperovskiteBaTiO<sub>3</sub>ball-millingnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Gábor Kozma Kata Lipták Cora Deák Andrea Rónavári Ákos Kukovecz Zoltán Kónya Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Chemistry mechanochemistry perovskite BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ball-milling nanoparticles |
| title | Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_full | Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_short | Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_sort | conversion study on the formation of mechanochemically synthesized batio sub 3 sub |
| topic | mechanochemistry perovskite BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ball-milling nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/4/2/42 |
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