Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study
Between 2018 and 2022, a total of 231 PM2.5 samples were collected in Nantong, China, and analyzed online for 16 US EPA PAHs utilizing a variety of analytical methodologies, including high-performance liquid chromatography data analysis, principal component analysis, and characteristic ratio analysi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.947705/full |
| _version_ | 1798042255091564544 |
|---|---|
| author | Xinying Guo Xinying Guo Feng Chen Feng Chen Juan Lu Weibing Zhang Weibing Zhang |
| author_facet | Xinying Guo Xinying Guo Feng Chen Feng Chen Juan Lu Weibing Zhang Weibing Zhang |
| author_sort | Xinying Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Between 2018 and 2022, a total of 231 PM2.5 samples were collected in Nantong, China, and analyzed online for 16 US EPA PAHs utilizing a variety of analytical methodologies, including high-performance liquid chromatography data analysis, principal component analysis, and characteristic ratio analysis. The seasonal variation and pollution characteristics of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 over a long period in Nantong, China, were analyzed, and correlations and traceability changes with a variety of emission sources were established. Additionally, health assessment models for BaP equivalent concentration, daily exposure dose, lifetime excess risk of cancer, and life expectancy loss were constructed for various ages and genders. The results indicated that the total number of days with BaP concentrations less than the national limit standard of 1.0 ng/m3 was 60.17% (139/231), with rates of 25.40%, 35.71%, and 94.05% from 2019 to 2021, respectively; the total concentration range of 16 PAHs demonstrated a downward trend, but pollution was relatively severe in winter. The seasonal variation showed winter > autumn > spring > summer. The detection rates of 4 and 5 rings were generally high and fluctuated between dropping and increasing. Principal factor analysis and characteristic ratio traceability analysis indicated that PAH pollution is primarily caused by local coal-fired sources and traffic emissions, with a new trend of biomass combustion. Furthermore, BaP remains the primary contributor to carcinogenic factors, and the health risk is higher in females than in males, and in adults than in children. A low level of PAHs in the air may have health benefits. Traffic control and flow restrictions, as well as production restrictions, are all part of Nantong’s COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control policies. These policies contributed to PAH risk prevention and control, as well as pollution reduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:32:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77b512297a734a378d1061e8140ac97c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:32:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-77b512297a734a378d1061e8140ac97c2022-12-22T03:59:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-08-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.947705947705Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case studyXinying Guo0Xinying Guo1Feng Chen2Feng Chen3Juan Lu4Weibing Zhang5Weibing Zhang6Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, ChinaNantong Key Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Nantong Food Safety Testing Center, Nantong, ChinaNantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, ChinaNantong Key Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Nantong Food Safety Testing Center, Nantong, ChinaNantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, ChinaNantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, ChinaNantong Teaching and Research Practice Base of Public Health and Preventive Medicine of Lanzhou University, Nantong, ChinaBetween 2018 and 2022, a total of 231 PM2.5 samples were collected in Nantong, China, and analyzed online for 16 US EPA PAHs utilizing a variety of analytical methodologies, including high-performance liquid chromatography data analysis, principal component analysis, and characteristic ratio analysis. The seasonal variation and pollution characteristics of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 over a long period in Nantong, China, were analyzed, and correlations and traceability changes with a variety of emission sources were established. Additionally, health assessment models for BaP equivalent concentration, daily exposure dose, lifetime excess risk of cancer, and life expectancy loss were constructed for various ages and genders. The results indicated that the total number of days with BaP concentrations less than the national limit standard of 1.0 ng/m3 was 60.17% (139/231), with rates of 25.40%, 35.71%, and 94.05% from 2019 to 2021, respectively; the total concentration range of 16 PAHs demonstrated a downward trend, but pollution was relatively severe in winter. The seasonal variation showed winter > autumn > spring > summer. The detection rates of 4 and 5 rings were generally high and fluctuated between dropping and increasing. Principal factor analysis and characteristic ratio traceability analysis indicated that PAH pollution is primarily caused by local coal-fired sources and traffic emissions, with a new trend of biomass combustion. Furthermore, BaP remains the primary contributor to carcinogenic factors, and the health risk is higher in females than in males, and in adults than in children. A low level of PAHs in the air may have health benefits. Traffic control and flow restrictions, as well as production restrictions, are all part of Nantong’s COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control policies. These policies contributed to PAH risk prevention and control, as well as pollution reduction.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.947705/fullPM 2.5 -bound PAHspollution identificationdaily exposure doselifetime excess risk of cancerlife expectancy loss |
| spellingShingle | Xinying Guo Xinying Guo Feng Chen Feng Chen Juan Lu Weibing Zhang Weibing Zhang Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study Frontiers in Environmental Science PM 2.5 -bound PAHs pollution identification daily exposure dose lifetime excess risk of cancer life expectancy loss |
| title | Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study |
| title_full | Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study |
| title_short | Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study |
| title_sort | seasonal variation sources and risk assessment of pm2 5 bound pahs in nantong china a pre and post covid 19 case study |
| topic | PM 2.5 -bound PAHs pollution identification daily exposure dose lifetime excess risk of cancer life expectancy loss |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.947705/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinyingguo seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy AT xinyingguo seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy AT fengchen seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy AT fengchen seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy AT juanlu seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy AT weibingzhang seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy AT weibingzhang seasonalvariationsourcesandriskassessmentofpm25boundpahsinnantongchinaapreandpostcovid19casestudy |