Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017
Scintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the space science community as it can severely threaten the dynamic systems relying on space-based navigation services. In the present paper, we probe the ionospheric current and plasma irregularity characteristics...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/652 |
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| author | Ram Kumar Vankadara Sampad Kumar Panda Christine Amory-Mazaudier Rolland Fleury Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina Tarun Kumar Pant Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn Mohd Anul Haq Daniel Okoh Gopi Krishna Seemala |
| author_facet | Ram Kumar Vankadara Sampad Kumar Panda Christine Amory-Mazaudier Rolland Fleury Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina Tarun Kumar Pant Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn Mohd Anul Haq Daniel Okoh Gopi Krishna Seemala |
| author_sort | Ram Kumar Vankadara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the space science community as it can severely threaten the dynamic systems relying on space-based navigation services. In the present paper, we probe the ionospheric current and plasma irregularity characteristics from a latitudinal arrangement of magnetometers and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations from the equator to the far low latitude location over the Indian longitudes, during the severe space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 that are associated with the strongest and consecutive solar flares in the 24th solar cycle. The night-time influence of partial ring current signatures in ASYH and the daytime influence of the disturbances in the ionospheric E region electric currents (D<sub>iono</sub>) are highlighted during the event. The total electron content (TEC) from the latitudinal GNSS observables indicate a perturbed equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) condition on 7 September, due to a sequence of M-class solar flares and associated prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs), whereas the suppressed EIA on 8 September with an inverted equatorial electrojet (EEJ) suggests the driving disturbance dynamo electric current (Ddyn) corresponding to disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEFs) penetration in the E region and additional contributions from the plausible storm-time compositional changes (O/N2) in the F-region. The concurrent analysis of the D<sub>iono</sub> and EEJ strengths help in identifying the pre-reversal effect (PRE) condition to seed the development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during the local evening sector on the storm day. The severity of ionospheric irregularities at different latitudes is revealed from the occurrence rate of the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) variations. Further, the investigations of the hourly maximum absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of ROTI from the reference quiet days’ levels and the timestamps of ROTI peak magnitudes substantiate the severity, latitudinal time lag in the peak of irregularity, and poleward expansion of EPBs and associated scintillations. The key findings from this study strengthen the understanding of evolution and the drifting characteristics of plasma irregularities over the Indian low latitudes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:12:43Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:12:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-77be26b7ee214e88949f6c507af008602023-11-23T17:41:17ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-01-0114365210.3390/rs14030652Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017Ram Kumar Vankadara0Sampad Kumar Panda1Christine Amory-Mazaudier2Rolland Fleury3Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina4Tarun Kumar Pant5Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn6Mohd Anul Haq7Daniel Okoh8Gopi Krishna Seemala9Department of ECE, KL Deemed to be University, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur 522501, IndiaDepartment of ECE, KL Deemed to be University, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur 522501, IndiaLPP (Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, UMR 7648), Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l’Information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance (Lab-STICC), UMR CNRS 6285, University of Brest, 29238 Brest, FranceDepartment of ECE, KL Deemed to be University, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur 522501, IndiaSpace Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, ThailandDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaCentre for Atmospheric Research, National Space Research and Development Agency, Anyigba 272102, NigeriaIndian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai 410218, IndiaScintillation due to ionospheric plasma irregularities remains a challenging task for the space science community as it can severely threaten the dynamic systems relying on space-based navigation services. In the present paper, we probe the ionospheric current and plasma irregularity characteristics from a latitudinal arrangement of magnetometers and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations from the equator to the far low latitude location over the Indian longitudes, during the severe space weather events of 6–10 September 2017 that are associated with the strongest and consecutive solar flares in the 24th solar cycle. The night-time influence of partial ring current signatures in ASYH and the daytime influence of the disturbances in the ionospheric E region electric currents (D<sub>iono</sub>) are highlighted during the event. The total electron content (TEC) from the latitudinal GNSS observables indicate a perturbed equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) condition on 7 September, due to a sequence of M-class solar flares and associated prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs), whereas the suppressed EIA on 8 September with an inverted equatorial electrojet (EEJ) suggests the driving disturbance dynamo electric current (Ddyn) corresponding to disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEFs) penetration in the E region and additional contributions from the plausible storm-time compositional changes (O/N2) in the F-region. The concurrent analysis of the D<sub>iono</sub> and EEJ strengths help in identifying the pre-reversal effect (PRE) condition to seed the development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during the local evening sector on the storm day. The severity of ionospheric irregularities at different latitudes is revealed from the occurrence rate of the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) variations. Further, the investigations of the hourly maximum absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of ROTI from the reference quiet days’ levels and the timestamps of ROTI peak magnitudes substantiate the severity, latitudinal time lag in the peak of irregularity, and poleward expansion of EPBs and associated scintillations. The key findings from this study strengthen the understanding of evolution and the drifting characteristics of plasma irregularities over the Indian low latitudes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/652space weatherstorm-time electric currentsmagnetometerglobal navigation satellite systemrate of change of TEC indexionospheric irregularity |
| spellingShingle | Ram Kumar Vankadara Sampad Kumar Panda Christine Amory-Mazaudier Rolland Fleury Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina Tarun Kumar Pant Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn Mohd Anul Haq Daniel Okoh Gopi Krishna Seemala Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 Remote Sensing space weather storm-time electric currents magnetometer global navigation satellite system rate of change of TEC index ionospheric irregularity |
| title | Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 |
| title_full | Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 |
| title_fullStr | Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 |
| title_short | Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017 |
| title_sort | signatures of equatorial plasma bubbles and ionospheric scintillations from magnetometer and gnss observations in the indian longitudes during the space weather events of early september 2017 |
| topic | space weather storm-time electric currents magnetometer global navigation satellite system rate of change of TEC index ionospheric irregularity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/652 |
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