Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers
The topic of this paper are the values of the individual entrepreneurial orientation and the Theory of planned behavior dimensions, among freelancers in the Western Balkan countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia). The effects of four control variables: gender, age, educati...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Novi Sad, Technical faculty Mihajlo Pupin, Zrenjanin
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/2334-9638/2022/2334-96382202165T.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797976658870796288 |
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| author | Taboroši Srđana Terek-Stojanović Edit Nikolić Milan Mali Predrag Mitić Siniša Strukan Edin |
| author_facet | Taboroši Srđana Terek-Stojanović Edit Nikolić Milan Mali Predrag Mitić Siniša Strukan Edin |
| author_sort | Taboroši Srđana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The topic of this paper are the values of the individual entrepreneurial orientation and the Theory of planned behavior dimensions, among freelancers in the Western Balkan countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia). The effects of four control variables: gender, age, education level, and previous entrepreneurial experience were also examined. Freelancers best perceive support for an entrepreneurial venture as well as their proactivity. Entrepreneurial intentions were assessed as the worst. The greatest impact on the observed dimensions occurs in the division of the sample into freelancers who have/do not have previous experience in entrepreneurship. As for the other control variables, statistically significant differences occur in only three other cases: dimensions RT - Risk-taking and PBC - Perceived behavioral control on the side of male freelancers, and dimension IN - Innovativeness on the side of younger freelancers. A comparison was made with a similar study, where the respondents were conventional employees. In general, freelancers have greater entrepreneurial intentions than conventional employees. Freelancers are more consistent in terms of entrepreneurial intentions: there are no differences in these intentions if the sample is divided according to the gender and age of freelancers. These results are discussed in the paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:54:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77c5d5269bb6477b9adbdc7f95643314 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2334-9638 2217-8147 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:54:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Novi Sad, Technical faculty Mihajlo Pupin, Zrenjanin |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness |
| spelling | doaj.art-77c5d5269bb6477b9adbdc7f956433142022-12-26T17:00:33ZengUniversity of Novi Sad, Technical faculty Mihajlo Pupin, ZrenjaninJournal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness2334-96382217-81472022-01-0112216517510.5937/JEMC2202165T2334-96382202165TEffects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancersTaboroši Srđana0Terek-Stojanović Edit1Nikolić Milan2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-1442Mali Predrag3Mitić Siniša4Strukan Edin5University of Novi Sad, Technical faculty "Mihajlo Pupin", Zrenjanin, SerbiaUniversity of Novi Sad, Technical faculty "Mihajlo Pupin", Zrenjanin, SerbiaUniversity of Novi Sad, Technical faculty "Mihajlo Pupin", Zrenjanin, SerbiaUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science, Novi Sad, SerbiaUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science, Novi Sad, SerbiaRawasi Real Estate d.o.o. Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe topic of this paper are the values of the individual entrepreneurial orientation and the Theory of planned behavior dimensions, among freelancers in the Western Balkan countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia). The effects of four control variables: gender, age, education level, and previous entrepreneurial experience were also examined. Freelancers best perceive support for an entrepreneurial venture as well as their proactivity. Entrepreneurial intentions were assessed as the worst. The greatest impact on the observed dimensions occurs in the division of the sample into freelancers who have/do not have previous experience in entrepreneurship. As for the other control variables, statistically significant differences occur in only three other cases: dimensions RT - Risk-taking and PBC - Perceived behavioral control on the side of male freelancers, and dimension IN - Innovativeness on the side of younger freelancers. A comparison was made with a similar study, where the respondents were conventional employees. In general, freelancers have greater entrepreneurial intentions than conventional employees. Freelancers are more consistent in terms of entrepreneurial intentions: there are no differences in these intentions if the sample is divided according to the gender and age of freelancers. These results are discussed in the paper.https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/2334-9638/2022/2334-96382202165T.pdfindividual entrepreneurial orientationtheory of planned behaviorentrepreneurial intentionfreelancerswest balkan |
| spellingShingle | Taboroši Srđana Terek-Stojanović Edit Nikolić Milan Mali Predrag Mitić Siniša Strukan Edin Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness individual entrepreneurial orientation theory of planned behavior entrepreneurial intention freelancers west balkan |
| title | Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers |
| title_full | Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers |
| title_fullStr | Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers |
| title_short | Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers |
| title_sort | effects of gender age and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers |
| topic | individual entrepreneurial orientation theory of planned behavior entrepreneurial intention freelancers west balkan |
| url | https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/2334-9638/2022/2334-96382202165T.pdf |
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