Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature
This narrative review focuses on the herpes zoster (HZ) and its prevention in transplant patients. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is highly contagious and distributed worldwide in humans. Primary VZV infection usually causes varicella and then establishes a lifelong latency in dorsal root ganglia. Rea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01632/full |
| _version_ | 1811287884947259392 |
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| author | Lei Wang Erik A. M. Verschuuren Coretta C. van Leer-Buter Stephan J. L. Bakker Anoek A. E. de Joode Johanna Westra Nicolaas A. Bos |
| author_facet | Lei Wang Erik A. M. Verschuuren Coretta C. van Leer-Buter Stephan J. L. Bakker Anoek A. E. de Joode Johanna Westra Nicolaas A. Bos |
| author_sort | Lei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This narrative review focuses on the herpes zoster (HZ) and its prevention in transplant patients. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is highly contagious and distributed worldwide in humans. Primary VZV infection usually causes varicella and then establishes a lifelong latency in dorsal root ganglia. Reactivation of VZV leads to HZ and related complications such as postherpetic neuralgia. Age and decreased immunity against VZV are important risk factors for developing HZ. Transplant patients are at increased risk for developing HZ and related complications due to their immunocompromised status and the need for lifetime immunosuppression. Diagnosis of HZ in transplant patients is often clinically difficult, and VZV-specific antibodies should be determined by serologic testing to document prior exposure to VZV during their pre-transplant evaluation process. Although antiviral agents are available, vaccination should be recommended for preventing HZ in transplant patients considering their complicated condition and weak organ function. Currently, there are two licensed HZ vaccines, of which one is a live-attenuated vaccine and the other is a HZ subunit vaccine. Both vaccines have shown promising safety and efficacy in transplants patients and especially the subunit vaccine could be administered post-transplant since this vaccine does not contain any live virus. Larger studies are needed about safety and immunogenicity of HZ vaccines in transplant populations, and extra efforts are needed to increase vaccine usage according to guidelines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:26:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77cb06658e2a492f91da37be3303128a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:26:19Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-77cb06658e2a492f91da37be3303128a2022-12-22T03:04:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242018-07-01910.3389/fimmu.2018.01632392293Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the LiteratureLei Wang0Erik A. M. Verschuuren1Coretta C. van Leer-Buter2Stephan J. L. Bakker3Anoek A. E. de Joode4Johanna Westra5Nicolaas A. Bos6Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Division of Clinical Virology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsThis narrative review focuses on the herpes zoster (HZ) and its prevention in transplant patients. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is highly contagious and distributed worldwide in humans. Primary VZV infection usually causes varicella and then establishes a lifelong latency in dorsal root ganglia. Reactivation of VZV leads to HZ and related complications such as postherpetic neuralgia. Age and decreased immunity against VZV are important risk factors for developing HZ. Transplant patients are at increased risk for developing HZ and related complications due to their immunocompromised status and the need for lifetime immunosuppression. Diagnosis of HZ in transplant patients is often clinically difficult, and VZV-specific antibodies should be determined by serologic testing to document prior exposure to VZV during their pre-transplant evaluation process. Although antiviral agents are available, vaccination should be recommended for preventing HZ in transplant patients considering their complicated condition and weak organ function. Currently, there are two licensed HZ vaccines, of which one is a live-attenuated vaccine and the other is a HZ subunit vaccine. Both vaccines have shown promising safety and efficacy in transplants patients and especially the subunit vaccine could be administered post-transplant since this vaccine does not contain any live virus. Larger studies are needed about safety and immunogenicity of HZ vaccines in transplant populations, and extra efforts are needed to increase vaccine usage according to guidelines.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01632/fullvaricella zoster virusherpes zosterpostherpetic neuralgiatransplantation immunologyherpes zoster vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Lei Wang Erik A. M. Verschuuren Coretta C. van Leer-Buter Stephan J. L. Bakker Anoek A. E. de Joode Johanna Westra Nicolaas A. Bos Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature Frontiers in Immunology varicella zoster virus herpes zoster postherpetic neuralgia transplantation immunology herpes zoster vaccine |
| title | Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature |
| title_full | Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature |
| title_short | Herpes Zoster and Immunogenicity and Safety of Zoster Vaccines in Transplant Patients: A Narrative Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | herpes zoster and immunogenicity and safety of zoster vaccines in transplant patients a narrative review of the literature |
| topic | varicella zoster virus herpes zoster postherpetic neuralgia transplantation immunology herpes zoster vaccine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01632/full |
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