Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China
<i>Litsea cubeba</i> (Lour.) Pers. is an important woody spice tree in southern China, and its fruit is a rich source of valuable essential oil. We surveyed and sampled <i>L. cubeba</i> germplasm resources from 36 provenances in nine Chinese provinces, and detected rich pheno...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/21/3781 |
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| author | Guoxiang Liao Xiaodan Ning Yuling Yang Zongde Wang Guorong Fan Xuefang Wang Dan Fu Juan Liu Ming Tang Shangxing Chen Jiawei Wang |
| author_facet | Guoxiang Liao Xiaodan Ning Yuling Yang Zongde Wang Guorong Fan Xuefang Wang Dan Fu Juan Liu Ming Tang Shangxing Chen Jiawei Wang |
| author_sort | Guoxiang Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Litsea cubeba</i> (Lour.) Pers. is an important woody spice tree in southern China, and its fruit is a rich source of valuable essential oil. We surveyed and sampled <i>L. cubeba</i> germplasm resources from 36 provenances in nine Chinese provinces, and detected rich phenotypic diversity. The survey results showed that plants of SC-KJ, SC-HJ, and SC-LS provenance presented higher leaf area (LA); YN-SM and YN-XC plants had larger thousand-grain fresh weight (TFW); and HN-DX plants had the highest essential oil content (EOC). To explain the large differences in the phenotypes of <i>L. cubeba</i> among different habitats, we used Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression path analysis, and redundancy analysis to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of <i>L. cubeba</i>. It was found that compared to other traits, leaf and fruit traits had more significant geographical distributions, and that leaf phenotypes were correlated to fruit phenotypes. The results showed that elevation, latitude, longitude, total soil porosity (SP), soil bulk density (SBD), and average annual rainfall (AAR, mm) contributed significantly to the phenotypic diversity of <i>L. cubeba</i>. Geographical factors explained a higher percentage of variation in phenotypic diversity than did soil factors and climate factors. Plants of SC-KJ and HN-DX provenances could be important resources for domestication and breeding to develop new high-yielding varieties of this woody aromatic plant. This study describes significant phenotypic differences in <i>L. cubeba</i> related to adaptation to different environments, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of a breeding strategy and for optimizing <i>L. cubeba</i> cultivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:23:28Z |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:23:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-77d88623cf004a9ea663bc3aceaff80c2023-11-10T15:10:30ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-11-011221378110.3390/plants12213781Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in ChinaGuoxiang Liao0Xiaodan Ning1Yuling Yang2Zongde Wang3Guorong Fan4Xuefang Wang5Dan Fu6Juan Liu7Ming Tang8Shangxing Chen9Jiawei Wang10Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaEast China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaEast China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaEast China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaEast China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaEast China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China<i>Litsea cubeba</i> (Lour.) Pers. is an important woody spice tree in southern China, and its fruit is a rich source of valuable essential oil. We surveyed and sampled <i>L. cubeba</i> germplasm resources from 36 provenances in nine Chinese provinces, and detected rich phenotypic diversity. The survey results showed that plants of SC-KJ, SC-HJ, and SC-LS provenance presented higher leaf area (LA); YN-SM and YN-XC plants had larger thousand-grain fresh weight (TFW); and HN-DX plants had the highest essential oil content (EOC). To explain the large differences in the phenotypes of <i>L. cubeba</i> among different habitats, we used Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression path analysis, and redundancy analysis to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of <i>L. cubeba</i>. It was found that compared to other traits, leaf and fruit traits had more significant geographical distributions, and that leaf phenotypes were correlated to fruit phenotypes. The results showed that elevation, latitude, longitude, total soil porosity (SP), soil bulk density (SBD), and average annual rainfall (AAR, mm) contributed significantly to the phenotypic diversity of <i>L. cubeba</i>. Geographical factors explained a higher percentage of variation in phenotypic diversity than did soil factors and climate factors. Plants of SC-KJ and HN-DX provenances could be important resources for domestication and breeding to develop new high-yielding varieties of this woody aromatic plant. This study describes significant phenotypic differences in <i>L. cubeba</i> related to adaptation to different environments, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of a breeding strategy and for optimizing <i>L. cubeba</i> cultivation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/21/3781morphological diversityleaf anatomyessential oilsgeographic distribution |
| spellingShingle | Guoxiang Liao Xiaodan Ning Yuling Yang Zongde Wang Guorong Fan Xuefang Wang Dan Fu Juan Liu Ming Tang Shangxing Chen Jiawei Wang Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China Plants morphological diversity leaf anatomy essential oils geographic distribution |
| title | Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China |
| title_full | Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China |
| title_fullStr | Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China |
| title_short | Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of <i>Litsea cubeba</i> in China |
| title_sort | main habitat factors driving the phenotypic diversity of i litsea cubeba i in china |
| topic | morphological diversity leaf anatomy essential oils geographic distribution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/21/3781 |
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