A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji”
The development of tree architecture results from shoot growth and branching, but their relationship is still not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of parent shoot growth characteristics on branching patterns in terms of polycyclism, growth duration (GD), and growt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.571918/full |
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| author | Ying-Tsui Wang Ying-Tsui Wang Benoît Pallas Melba R. Salazar-Gutierrez Evelyne Costes Gerrit Hoogenboom |
| author_facet | Ying-Tsui Wang Ying-Tsui Wang Benoît Pallas Melba R. Salazar-Gutierrez Evelyne Costes Gerrit Hoogenboom |
| author_sort | Ying-Tsui Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of tree architecture results from shoot growth and branching, but their relationship is still not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of parent shoot growth characteristics on branching patterns in terms of polycyclism, growth duration (GD), and growth period (GP), considering apple tree as a case study. Weekly shoot growth records were collected from 227 shoots during their second year of growth and the resulting branching patterns from the following year. The branching patterns were compared between the different shoot categories, using hidden semi-Markov models. Our results showed that the branching pattern was similar in bicyclic and monocyclic shoots with a long GD. The number of floral laterals, and the frequency and length of the floral zones, increased with GD. Moreover, a long GD led to strong acrotony, due to the high occurrence of a vegetative zone with long laterals in the distal position of the shoot. In bicyclic shoots, an early GP of the second GU led to more frequent and longer floral zones than a late GP. Therefore, the GD was the strongest driver of the branching pattern, and GP modulated the flowering capacity. The main similarities among shoot categories resulted from the existence of latent buds and floral zones associated with growth cessation periods. Even though flowering was more abundant during the early GP, the positions of floral zones indicated that induction in axillary meristems can also occur late in the season. This study provides new knowledge regarding the relationships between the dynamics of parent shoot growth and axillary meristem fates, with key consequences on flowering abundance and positions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:01:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77e2e2ac1d7e4fb096274d952198ffc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:01:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-77e2e2ac1d7e4fb096274d952198ffc32022-12-21T23:42:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-08-011110.3389/fpls.2020.571918571918A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji”Ying-Tsui Wang0Ying-Tsui Wang1Benoît Pallas2Melba R. Salazar-Gutierrez3Evelyne Costes4Gerrit Hoogenboom5AgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United StatesDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United StatesUMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United StatesUMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro-Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, FranceAgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United StatesThe development of tree architecture results from shoot growth and branching, but their relationship is still not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of parent shoot growth characteristics on branching patterns in terms of polycyclism, growth duration (GD), and growth period (GP), considering apple tree as a case study. Weekly shoot growth records were collected from 227 shoots during their second year of growth and the resulting branching patterns from the following year. The branching patterns were compared between the different shoot categories, using hidden semi-Markov models. Our results showed that the branching pattern was similar in bicyclic and monocyclic shoots with a long GD. The number of floral laterals, and the frequency and length of the floral zones, increased with GD. Moreover, a long GD led to strong acrotony, due to the high occurrence of a vegetative zone with long laterals in the distal position of the shoot. In bicyclic shoots, an early GP of the second GU led to more frequent and longer floral zones than a late GP. Therefore, the GD was the strongest driver of the branching pattern, and GP modulated the flowering capacity. The main similarities among shoot categories resulted from the existence of latent buds and floral zones associated with growth cessation periods. Even though flowering was more abundant during the early GP, the positions of floral zones indicated that induction in axillary meristems can also occur late in the season. This study provides new knowledge regarding the relationships between the dynamics of parent shoot growth and axillary meristem fates, with key consequences on flowering abundance and positions.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.571918/fullhidden semi-Markov chainrhythmicitypolycyclismgrowth durationgrowth periodMalus x domestica |
| spellingShingle | Ying-Tsui Wang Ying-Tsui Wang Benoît Pallas Melba R. Salazar-Gutierrez Evelyne Costes Gerrit Hoogenboom A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji” Frontiers in Plant Science hidden semi-Markov chain rhythmicity polycyclism growth duration growth period Malus x domestica |
| title | A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji” |
| title_full | A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji” |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji” |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji” |
| title_short | A Comparative Study on the Branching Pattern of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Shoots of Apple cv. “Fuji” |
| title_sort | comparative study on the branching pattern of monocyclic and bicyclic shoots of apple cv fuji |
| topic | hidden semi-Markov chain rhythmicity polycyclism growth duration growth period Malus x domestica |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.571918/full |
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