An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements
An integrated interferometric fiber optic velocimetry sensor has been proposed and demonstrated at the central wavelength of 638 nm. The sensor is based on the principle of two laser-beams’ interference. The light signal scattered from the particles or vapor is demodulated to measure the water surfa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1795 |
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| author | Ran Song Xinyu Zhang Lili Jiang Zhijun Zhang Zhigang Qiao Xianglong Hao Juan Su Chenxu Lu Guangbing Yang Xuejun Xiong Liyuan Gao Chi Wu |
| author_facet | Ran Song Xinyu Zhang Lili Jiang Zhijun Zhang Zhigang Qiao Xianglong Hao Juan Su Chenxu Lu Guangbing Yang Xuejun Xiong Liyuan Gao Chi Wu |
| author_sort | Ran Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An integrated interferometric fiber optic velocimetry sensor has been proposed and demonstrated at the central wavelength of 638 nm. The sensor is based on the principle of two laser-beams’ interference. The light signal scattered from the particles or vapor is demodulated to measure the water surface velocity and water vapor velocity. Three velocity measurement experiments are carried out to measure the velocity, and the experimental data shows that the velocity increases linearly in the range of 4 mm·s<sup>−1</sup> to 100 mm·s<sup>−1</sup>, with a slope of linear fitting curve of 0.99777 and the R-Square of 1.00000. The velocity calculated from frequency shift fits well with the reference velocity. The maximum average relative error in the three velocity measurements is less than 2.5%. In addition, the maximum speed of 4.398 m·s<sup>−1</sup> is confirmed in the rotating disk calibration experiment, which expands the sensor’s velocity measurement range. To solve the problem that it is difficult to directly measure the velocity of small-scale water surface flow velocity, especially from the aspect of the low velocity of air-water surface, the interferometric fiber optic sensor can be applied to the measurement of water surface velocity and wind velocity on the water surface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:11:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77e574fdd7204a3b89ca3f68b55f7765 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:11:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-77e574fdd7204a3b89ca3f68b55f77652023-11-16T23:06:16ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-02-01234179510.3390/s23041795An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity MeasurementsRan Song0Xinyu Zhang1Lili Jiang2Zhijun Zhang3Zhigang Qiao4Xianglong Hao5Juan Su6Chenxu Lu7Guangbing Yang8Xuejun Xiong9Liyuan Gao10Chi Wu11Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaSouthern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 519000, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaShandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Aixsensors, Dezhou 266101, ChinaInstitute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaAn integrated interferometric fiber optic velocimetry sensor has been proposed and demonstrated at the central wavelength of 638 nm. The sensor is based on the principle of two laser-beams’ interference. The light signal scattered from the particles or vapor is demodulated to measure the water surface velocity and water vapor velocity. Three velocity measurement experiments are carried out to measure the velocity, and the experimental data shows that the velocity increases linearly in the range of 4 mm·s<sup>−1</sup> to 100 mm·s<sup>−1</sup>, with a slope of linear fitting curve of 0.99777 and the R-Square of 1.00000. The velocity calculated from frequency shift fits well with the reference velocity. The maximum average relative error in the three velocity measurements is less than 2.5%. In addition, the maximum speed of 4.398 m·s<sup>−1</sup> is confirmed in the rotating disk calibration experiment, which expands the sensor’s velocity measurement range. To solve the problem that it is difficult to directly measure the velocity of small-scale water surface flow velocity, especially from the aspect of the low velocity of air-water surface, the interferometric fiber optic sensor can be applied to the measurement of water surface velocity and wind velocity on the water surface.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1795velocity measurementlaser interferencefiber optic sensorsensor systems and applications |
| spellingShingle | Ran Song Xinyu Zhang Lili Jiang Zhijun Zhang Zhigang Qiao Xianglong Hao Juan Su Chenxu Lu Guangbing Yang Xuejun Xiong Liyuan Gao Chi Wu An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements Sensors velocity measurement laser interference fiber optic sensor sensor systems and applications |
| title | An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements |
| title_full | An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements |
| title_fullStr | An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements |
| title_short | An Integrated Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor Using a 638 nm Semiconductor Laser for Air-Water Surface Velocity Measurements |
| title_sort | integrated interferometric fiber optic sensor using a 638 nm semiconductor laser for air water surface velocity measurements |
| topic | velocity measurement laser interference fiber optic sensor sensor systems and applications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1795 |
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