Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions
Establishment of the seedlings is a crucial stage of the plant life cycle. The success of this process is essential for the growth of the mature plant. In Nature, when seeds germinate under the soil, seedlings follow a dark-specific program called skotomorphogenesis, which is characterized by small,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1272822/full |
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| author | Salek Ahmed Sajib Salek Ahmed Sajib Margot Kandel Margot Kandel Sadia Akter Prity Sadia Akter Prity Cylia Oukacine Cylia Oukacine Bertrand Gakière Bertrand Gakière Livia Merendino Livia Merendino |
| author_facet | Salek Ahmed Sajib Salek Ahmed Sajib Margot Kandel Margot Kandel Sadia Akter Prity Sadia Akter Prity Cylia Oukacine Cylia Oukacine Bertrand Gakière Bertrand Gakière Livia Merendino Livia Merendino |
| author_sort | Salek Ahmed Sajib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Establishment of the seedlings is a crucial stage of the plant life cycle. The success of this process is essential for the growth of the mature plant. In Nature, when seeds germinate under the soil, seedlings follow a dark-specific program called skotomorphogenesis, which is characterized by small, non-green cotyledons, long hypocotyl, and an apical hook-protecting meristematic cells. These developmental structures are required for the seedlings to emerge quickly and safely through the soil and gain autotrophy before the complete depletion of seed resources. Due to the lack of photosynthesis during this period, the seed nutrient stocks are the primary energy source for seedling development. The energy is provided by the bioenergetic organelles, mitochondria, and etioplast (plastid in the dark), to the cell in the form of ATP through mitochondrial respiration and etio-respiration processes, respectively. Recent studies suggest that the limitation of the plastidial or mitochondrial gene expression induces a drastic reprogramming of the seedling morphology in the dark. Here, we discuss the dark signaling mechanisms involved during a regular skotomorphogenesis and how the dysfunction of the bioenergetic organelles is perceived by the nucleus leading to developmental changes. We also describe the probable involvement of several plastid retrograde pathways and the interconnection between plastid and mitochondria during seedling development. Understanding the integration mechanisms of organellar signals in the developmental program of seedlings can be utilized in the future for better emergence of crops through the soil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:53:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-77e65ab72aaa476392dbb1cc41f6af1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:53:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-77e65ab72aaa476392dbb1cc41f6af1c2023-09-30T21:44:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-09-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12728221272822Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditionsSalek Ahmed Sajib0Salek Ahmed Sajib1Margot Kandel2Margot Kandel3Sadia Akter Prity4Sadia Akter Prity5Cylia Oukacine6Cylia Oukacine7Bertrand Gakière8Bertrand Gakière9Livia Merendino10Livia Merendino11Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceUniversité Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, FranceEstablishment of the seedlings is a crucial stage of the plant life cycle. The success of this process is essential for the growth of the mature plant. In Nature, when seeds germinate under the soil, seedlings follow a dark-specific program called skotomorphogenesis, which is characterized by small, non-green cotyledons, long hypocotyl, and an apical hook-protecting meristematic cells. These developmental structures are required for the seedlings to emerge quickly and safely through the soil and gain autotrophy before the complete depletion of seed resources. Due to the lack of photosynthesis during this period, the seed nutrient stocks are the primary energy source for seedling development. The energy is provided by the bioenergetic organelles, mitochondria, and etioplast (plastid in the dark), to the cell in the form of ATP through mitochondrial respiration and etio-respiration processes, respectively. Recent studies suggest that the limitation of the plastidial or mitochondrial gene expression induces a drastic reprogramming of the seedling morphology in the dark. Here, we discuss the dark signaling mechanisms involved during a regular skotomorphogenesis and how the dysfunction of the bioenergetic organelles is perceived by the nucleus leading to developmental changes. We also describe the probable involvement of several plastid retrograde pathways and the interconnection between plastid and mitochondria during seedling development. Understanding the integration mechanisms of organellar signals in the developmental program of seedlings can be utilized in the future for better emergence of crops through the soil.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1272822/fullskotomorphogenesisetioplastsmitochondriadevelopmentretrograde control |
| spellingShingle | Salek Ahmed Sajib Salek Ahmed Sajib Margot Kandel Margot Kandel Sadia Akter Prity Sadia Akter Prity Cylia Oukacine Cylia Oukacine Bertrand Gakière Bertrand Gakière Livia Merendino Livia Merendino Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions Frontiers in Plant Science skotomorphogenesis etioplasts mitochondria development retrograde control |
| title | Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions |
| title_full | Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions |
| title_fullStr | Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions |
| title_short | Role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions |
| title_sort | role of plastids and mitochondria in the early development of seedlings in dark growth conditions |
| topic | skotomorphogenesis etioplasts mitochondria development retrograde control |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1272822/full |
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