Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel
The direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC’s) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6641 |
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| author | Irma Lucia Vera-Estrada Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz Andrés Dector Jorge Domingo Mendiola-Santibañez Diana María Amaya-Cruz Adrían Sosa-Domínguez David Ortega-Díaz Diana Dector Victor Manuel Ovando-Medina Iveth Dalila Antonio-Carmona |
| author_facet | Irma Lucia Vera-Estrada Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz Andrés Dector Jorge Domingo Mendiola-Santibañez Diana María Amaya-Cruz Adrían Sosa-Domínguez David Ortega-Díaz Diana Dector Victor Manuel Ovando-Medina Iveth Dalila Antonio-Carmona |
| author_sort | Irma Lucia Vera-Estrada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC’s) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We present an air-breathing paper-based μFC connected to a pregnancy test, and for the first time, as far as we know, it is powered by human urine without needing any external electrolyte. It uses TiO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-Ni as anode and Pt/C as cathode; the performance shows a maximum value of voltage and current and power densities of ∼0.96 V, 1.00 mA cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and 0.23 mW cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Furthermore, we present a simple design of a paper-based μFC’s stack powered with urine that shows a maximum voltage and maximum current and power densities of ∼1.89 V, 2.77 mA cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 1.38 mW cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively, which powers the display of a pregnancy test allowing to see the analysis results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-780aa4d431214e84949dde6b7e65c0ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-780aa4d431214e84949dde6b7e65c0ca2023-11-23T14:11:58ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-09-012217664110.3390/s22176641Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as FuelIrma Lucia Vera-Estrada0Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez1Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz2Andrés Dector3Jorge Domingo Mendiola-Santibañez4Diana María Amaya-Cruz5Adrían Sosa-Domínguez6David Ortega-Díaz7Diana Dector8Victor Manuel Ovando-Medina9Iveth Dalila Antonio-Carmona10Departamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, MexicoDepartamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoDepartamento de Energías Renovables, Conacyt-Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Amealco, Camacho Guzmán, Amealco 76894, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N-Edificio 5, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, MexicoDepartamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, MexicoDepartamento de Energías Renovables, Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan del Río, Av. La Palma No 125 Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Río 76800, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Matehuala 78700, MexicoDepartamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, MexicoThe direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC’s) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We present an air-breathing paper-based μFC connected to a pregnancy test, and for the first time, as far as we know, it is powered by human urine without needing any external electrolyte. It uses TiO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-Ni as anode and Pt/C as cathode; the performance shows a maximum value of voltage and current and power densities of ∼0.96 V, 1.00 mA cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and 0.23 mW cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Furthermore, we present a simple design of a paper-based μFC’s stack powered with urine that shows a maximum voltage and maximum current and power densities of ∼1.89 V, 2.77 mA cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 1.38 mW cm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively, which powers the display of a pregnancy test allowing to see the analysis results.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6641human urinepaper-based microfluidic fuel celllateral flow assay testspregnancy testpower supply |
| spellingShingle | Irma Lucia Vera-Estrada Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz Andrés Dector Jorge Domingo Mendiola-Santibañez Diana María Amaya-Cruz Adrían Sosa-Domínguez David Ortega-Díaz Diana Dector Victor Manuel Ovando-Medina Iveth Dalila Antonio-Carmona Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel Sensors human urine paper-based microfluidic fuel cell lateral flow assay tests pregnancy test power supply |
| title | Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel |
| title_full | Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel |
| title_fullStr | Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel |
| title_short | Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel |
| title_sort | digital pregnancy test powered by an air breathing paper based microfluidic fuel cell stack using human urine as fuel |
| topic | human urine paper-based microfluidic fuel cell lateral flow assay tests pregnancy test power supply |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6641 |
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