Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach
Multiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/8/2276 |
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| author | Zeinab Nouri Sajad Fakhri Keyvan Nouri Carly E. Wallace Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Anupam Bishayee |
| author_facet | Zeinab Nouri Sajad Fakhri Keyvan Nouri Carly E. Wallace Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Anupam Bishayee |
| author_sort | Zeinab Nouri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the dysregulated signaling in cancer is of great importance. In recent decades, phytochemicals from dietary and medicinal plants have been successfully introduced as alternative anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate numerous oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling pathways. Rutin (also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside and sophorin) is an active plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants, including asparagus, buckwheat, apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, oranges, and tea. Rutin has been shown to target various inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and angiogenic signaling mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, light chain 3/Beclin, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein, caspases, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A comprehensive and critical analysis of the anticancer potential of rutin and associated molecular targets amongst various cancer types has not been performed previously. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date and critical evaluation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the anticancer effects of rutin are known to be exerted. The current challenges and limitations as well as future directions of research are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:27:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-780dca55172d4b0393e0ee30e6766ba0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:27:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-780dca55172d4b0393e0ee30e6766ba02023-11-20T10:08:31ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-08-01128227610.3390/cancers12082276Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic ApproachZeinab Nouri0Sajad Fakhri1Keyvan Nouri2Carly E. Wallace3Mohammad Hosein Farzaei4Anupam Bishayee5Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, IranPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, IranLake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USAPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, IranLake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USAMultiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the dysregulated signaling in cancer is of great importance. In recent decades, phytochemicals from dietary and medicinal plants have been successfully introduced as alternative anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate numerous oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling pathways. Rutin (also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-rutinoside and sophorin) is an active plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants, including asparagus, buckwheat, apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, oranges, and tea. Rutin has been shown to target various inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and angiogenic signaling mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, light chain 3/Beclin, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein, caspases, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A comprehensive and critical analysis of the anticancer potential of rutin and associated molecular targets amongst various cancer types has not been performed previously. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date and critical evaluation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the anticancer effects of rutin are known to be exerted. The current challenges and limitations as well as future directions of research are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/8/2276rutincancersignaling pathwaystherapeutic targetspharmacologydrug delivery system |
| spellingShingle | Zeinab Nouri Sajad Fakhri Keyvan Nouri Carly E. Wallace Mohammad Hosein Farzaei Anupam Bishayee Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach Cancers rutin cancer signaling pathways therapeutic targets pharmacology drug delivery system |
| title | Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach |
| title_full | Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach |
| title_fullStr | Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach |
| title_short | Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach |
| title_sort | targeting multiple signaling pathways in cancer the rutin therapeutic approach |
| topic | rutin cancer signaling pathways therapeutic targets pharmacology drug delivery system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/8/2276 |
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