Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization
Lignocellulosic substrates are considered to be crucial substrates for the production of biofuels. The main objective of the study is to attempt to produce bioethanol using bio-wastes such as mango peels, orange peels, and tapioca shells as renewable sources by employing three bacteria viz., <i&g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/7/678 |
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| author | Tamilselvan Vinotha Narendrakumar Umamaheswari Jeganathan Pandiyan Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Marcello Nicoletti Marimuthu Govindarajan |
| author_facet | Tamilselvan Vinotha Narendrakumar Umamaheswari Jeganathan Pandiyan Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Marcello Nicoletti Marimuthu Govindarajan |
| author_sort | Tamilselvan Vinotha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignocellulosic substrates are considered to be crucial substrates for the production of biofuels. The main objective of the study is to attempt to produce bioethanol using bio-wastes such as mango peels, orange peels, and tapioca shells as renewable sources by employing three bacteria viz., <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (ICBP1), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ICBP7), and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (ICBP15), which were chosen to produce cellulase enzymes using the submerged fermentation method, which is a novel method for the production of bioethanol. The “zone of clearance” in bacterial growth on CMC agar plates determined the choice. The mixed culture infected units produced a more reduced sugar, i.e., the presence of aldehyde and ketones except sucrose. At 72 h, greater than 41.0 ± 0.48 mL and 0.83 ± 0.07% of ethanol was recovered. This contrasts with the reduced quantities at 24 and 48 h. SDS-PAGE examination showed that the three cellulose-producing bacterial strains (ICPB1, ICPB7, and ICPB15) had enzyme molecular weights of 80–100, 20–30, and 14–20 kDa, respectively, compared to the other 17 isolates. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate the bioethanol. The spectrum bands from 1700 to 1800 cm<sup>−1</sup> showed bioethanol’s unique absorption characteristics, and GC-MS confirmed 31.38% ethanol. The findings of the research demonstrate that the utilization of fermentation technology, specifically employing microbes, to produce bioethanol from bio-wastes such as fruits and vegetables has the potential to address the worldwide fuel energy requirements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:05:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:05:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-780ed6affbe540d99e4d7be5e866c7572023-11-18T19:16:52ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372023-07-019767810.3390/fermentation9070678Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste ValorizationTamilselvan Vinotha0Narendrakumar Umamaheswari1Jeganathan Pandiyan2Khalid A. Al-Ghanim3Marcello Nicoletti4Marimuthu Govindarajan5Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641028, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, STET Women’s College (Autonomous), Sundarakkottai, Mannargudi 614016, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai 609305, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyUnit of Mycology and Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, IndiaLignocellulosic substrates are considered to be crucial substrates for the production of biofuels. The main objective of the study is to attempt to produce bioethanol using bio-wastes such as mango peels, orange peels, and tapioca shells as renewable sources by employing three bacteria viz., <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (ICBP1), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ICBP7), and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (ICBP15), which were chosen to produce cellulase enzymes using the submerged fermentation method, which is a novel method for the production of bioethanol. The “zone of clearance” in bacterial growth on CMC agar plates determined the choice. The mixed culture infected units produced a more reduced sugar, i.e., the presence of aldehyde and ketones except sucrose. At 72 h, greater than 41.0 ± 0.48 mL and 0.83 ± 0.07% of ethanol was recovered. This contrasts with the reduced quantities at 24 and 48 h. SDS-PAGE examination showed that the three cellulose-producing bacterial strains (ICPB1, ICPB7, and ICPB15) had enzyme molecular weights of 80–100, 20–30, and 14–20 kDa, respectively, compared to the other 17 isolates. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate the bioethanol. The spectrum bands from 1700 to 1800 cm<sup>−1</sup> showed bioethanol’s unique absorption characteristics, and GC-MS confirmed 31.38% ethanol. The findings of the research demonstrate that the utilization of fermentation technology, specifically employing microbes, to produce bioethanol from bio-wastes such as fruits and vegetables has the potential to address the worldwide fuel energy requirements.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/7/678microbesSDS-PAGEfermentationFTIR analysisGC-MS analysisbioethanol |
| spellingShingle | Tamilselvan Vinotha Narendrakumar Umamaheswari Jeganathan Pandiyan Khalid A. Al-Ghanim Marcello Nicoletti Marimuthu Govindarajan Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization Fermentation microbes SDS-PAGE fermentation FTIR analysis GC-MS analysis bioethanol |
| title | Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization |
| title_full | Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization |
| title_fullStr | Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization |
| title_short | Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization |
| title_sort | biofuel production from mango and orange peel and tapioca shells by fermentation using consortium of bacteria agricultural and food waste valorization |
| topic | microbes SDS-PAGE fermentation FTIR analysis GC-MS analysis bioethanol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/7/678 |
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