Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus.
Most of our understanding of the ecology and evolution of avian influenza A virus (AIV) in wild birds is derived from studies conducted in the northern hemisphere on waterfowl, with a substantial bias towards dabbling ducks. However, relevant environmental conditions and patterns of avian migration...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-05-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010150 |
| _version_ | 1818478656138248192 |
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| author | Michelle Wille Victoria Grillo Silvia Ban de Gouvea Pedroso Graham W Burgess Allison Crawley Celia Dickason Philip M Hansbro Md Ahasanul Hoque Paul F Horwood Peter D Kirkland Nina Yu-Hsin Kung Stacey E Lynch Sue Martin Michaela McArthur Kim O'Riley Andrew J Read Simone Warner Bethany J Hoye Simeon Lisovski Trent Leen Aeron C Hurt Jeff Butler Ivano Broz Kelly R Davies Patrick Mileto Matthew J Neave Vicky Stevens Andrew C Breed Tommy T Y Lam Edward C Holmes Marcel Klaassen Frank Y K Wong |
| author_facet | Michelle Wille Victoria Grillo Silvia Ban de Gouvea Pedroso Graham W Burgess Allison Crawley Celia Dickason Philip M Hansbro Md Ahasanul Hoque Paul F Horwood Peter D Kirkland Nina Yu-Hsin Kung Stacey E Lynch Sue Martin Michaela McArthur Kim O'Riley Andrew J Read Simone Warner Bethany J Hoye Simeon Lisovski Trent Leen Aeron C Hurt Jeff Butler Ivano Broz Kelly R Davies Patrick Mileto Matthew J Neave Vicky Stevens Andrew C Breed Tommy T Y Lam Edward C Holmes Marcel Klaassen Frank Y K Wong |
| author_sort | Michelle Wille |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most of our understanding of the ecology and evolution of avian influenza A virus (AIV) in wild birds is derived from studies conducted in the northern hemisphere on waterfowl, with a substantial bias towards dabbling ducks. However, relevant environmental conditions and patterns of avian migration and reproduction are substantially different in the southern hemisphere. Through the sequencing and analysis of 333 unique AIV genomes collected from wild birds collected over 15 years we show that Australia is a global sink for AIV diversity and not integrally linked with the Eurasian gene pool. Rather, AIV are infrequently introduced to Australia, followed by decades of isolated circulation and eventual extinction. The number of co-circulating viral lineages varies per subtype. AIV haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes that are rarely identified at duck-centric study sites (H8-12) had more detected introductions and contemporary co-circulating lineages in Australia. Combined with a lack of duck migration beyond the Australian-Papuan region, these findings suggest introductions by long-distance migratory shorebirds. In addition, on the available data we found no evidence of directional or consistent patterns in virus movement across the Australian continent. This feature corresponds to patterns of bird movement, whereby waterfowl have nomadic and erratic rainfall-dependant distributions rather than consistent intra-continental migratory routes. Finally, we detected high levels of virus gene segment reassortment, with a high diversity of AIV genome constellations across years and locations. These data, in addition to those from other studies in Africa and South America, clearly show that patterns of AIV dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere are distinct from those in the temperate north. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:50:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7812edd542354284bc57fd392409f9c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:50:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-7812edd542354284bc57fd392409f9c52022-12-22T01:53:40ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742022-05-01185e101015010.1371/journal.ppat.1010150Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus.Michelle WilleVictoria GrilloSilvia Ban de Gouvea PedrosoGraham W BurgessAllison CrawleyCelia DickasonPhilip M HansbroMd Ahasanul HoquePaul F HorwoodPeter D KirklandNina Yu-Hsin KungStacey E LynchSue MartinMichaela McArthurKim O'RileyAndrew J ReadSimone WarnerBethany J HoyeSimeon LisovskiTrent LeenAeron C HurtJeff ButlerIvano BrozKelly R DaviesPatrick MiletoMatthew J NeaveVicky StevensAndrew C BreedTommy T Y LamEdward C HolmesMarcel KlaassenFrank Y K WongMost of our understanding of the ecology and evolution of avian influenza A virus (AIV) in wild birds is derived from studies conducted in the northern hemisphere on waterfowl, with a substantial bias towards dabbling ducks. However, relevant environmental conditions and patterns of avian migration and reproduction are substantially different in the southern hemisphere. Through the sequencing and analysis of 333 unique AIV genomes collected from wild birds collected over 15 years we show that Australia is a global sink for AIV diversity and not integrally linked with the Eurasian gene pool. Rather, AIV are infrequently introduced to Australia, followed by decades of isolated circulation and eventual extinction. The number of co-circulating viral lineages varies per subtype. AIV haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes that are rarely identified at duck-centric study sites (H8-12) had more detected introductions and contemporary co-circulating lineages in Australia. Combined with a lack of duck migration beyond the Australian-Papuan region, these findings suggest introductions by long-distance migratory shorebirds. In addition, on the available data we found no evidence of directional or consistent patterns in virus movement across the Australian continent. This feature corresponds to patterns of bird movement, whereby waterfowl have nomadic and erratic rainfall-dependant distributions rather than consistent intra-continental migratory routes. Finally, we detected high levels of virus gene segment reassortment, with a high diversity of AIV genome constellations across years and locations. These data, in addition to those from other studies in Africa and South America, clearly show that patterns of AIV dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere are distinct from those in the temperate north.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010150 |
| spellingShingle | Michelle Wille Victoria Grillo Silvia Ban de Gouvea Pedroso Graham W Burgess Allison Crawley Celia Dickason Philip M Hansbro Md Ahasanul Hoque Paul F Horwood Peter D Kirkland Nina Yu-Hsin Kung Stacey E Lynch Sue Martin Michaela McArthur Kim O'Riley Andrew J Read Simone Warner Bethany J Hoye Simeon Lisovski Trent Leen Aeron C Hurt Jeff Butler Ivano Broz Kelly R Davies Patrick Mileto Matthew J Neave Vicky Stevens Andrew C Breed Tommy T Y Lam Edward C Holmes Marcel Klaassen Frank Y K Wong Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. |
| title_full | Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. |
| title_fullStr | Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. |
| title_short | Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. |
| title_sort | australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza a virus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010150 |
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