Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis
This work focuses on the recycling of waste groundnut oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production using activated coconut husk as a regenerating agent. The coconut husk was functionalized using organic acid. The properties of the functionalized coconut husk were investigated via instrument...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Unconventional Resources |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666519024000098 |
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| author | Christian O. Asadu Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme Chinonso Anthony Ezema Thomas O. Onah Innocent Sunday Ike Judith Obioma Ugwuele Chikezie Christian Aka Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell Emmanuel O. Umeagukwu Churchill Chisom Ogbonna |
| author_facet | Christian O. Asadu Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme Chinonso Anthony Ezema Thomas O. Onah Innocent Sunday Ike Judith Obioma Ugwuele Chikezie Christian Aka Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell Emmanuel O. Umeagukwu Churchill Chisom Ogbonna |
| author_sort | Christian O. Asadu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work focuses on the recycling of waste groundnut oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production using activated coconut husk as a regenerating agent. The coconut husk was functionalized using organic acid. The properties of the functionalized coconut husk were investigated via instrumental analysis. Non-parametric modeling involving 2-degree isotherm models were used. The regeneration/recycling of the waste oil were done in batch mode examining key factors of temperature, time, concentration and dosage. Biodiesel was synthesized from recycled waste groundnut oil using transesterification reaction. The properties of biodiesel were examined using ASTM and AOAC official standards. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis revealed the surface area of the adsorbent as 371.88 m2/g and a porosity distribution of 0.567 η on the surface at a pH of 6.1. Batch mode analysis revealed that 97.5% of impurities was removed from waste groundnut oil under one batch process at 80 °C after 4 h with 6 g of the activated coconut husk. Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data with adsorption capacity of 33.5 mg/g at R2 of 0.996. Adsorption of waste groundnut oil impurities onto activated coconut husk was endothermic, as evidenced by the calculated ΔH of +2.7914 kJ/mol. A high cetane number of 48.4 obtained after transesterification is an indication of the good ignition quality of the obtained recycled waste groundnut oil methyl ester. Kinematic viscosity and acid value were revealed to be 4.65 mm2 S−1 and 0.31 mg KOH/g, while the calorific value stood at 38,053 kJ/kg. GC-MS analysis revealed a complex mixture of fatty acid methyl esters dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (58.78%). Recycling of waste cooking oil in this work using activated coconut husk demonstrated good quality as a regenerating agent. The properties of biodiesel obtained showed that it has all the good qualities comparable to other existing biodiesel based on the ASTM and AOAC official standards. More work on the recycling of other waste cooking oils for green energy synthesis to protect our environment from pollution emanating from the use of conventional petro-diesel and promote energy transition is highly recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:28:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7813d8e9fddd41c29cb21b1055948879 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5190 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:28:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Unconventional Resources |
| spelling | doaj.art-7813d8e9fddd41c29cb21b10559488792024-03-28T06:38:45ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Unconventional Resources2666-51902024-01-014100081Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesisChristian O. Asadu0Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme1Chinonso Anthony Ezema2Thomas O. Onah3Innocent Sunday Ike4Judith Obioma Ugwuele5Chikezie Christian Aka6Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell7Emmanuel O. Umeagukwu8Churchill Chisom Ogbonna9Department of Biomedical Engineering, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Civil Engineering, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, NigeriaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, JapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence in Future Energies and Electrochemical System (ACE-FUELS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri, NigeriaDepartment of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, NigeriaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, NigeriaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Gregory University, Uturu, Abia State, NigeriaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, NigeriaThis work focuses on the recycling of waste groundnut oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production using activated coconut husk as a regenerating agent. The coconut husk was functionalized using organic acid. The properties of the functionalized coconut husk were investigated via instrumental analysis. Non-parametric modeling involving 2-degree isotherm models were used. The regeneration/recycling of the waste oil were done in batch mode examining key factors of temperature, time, concentration and dosage. Biodiesel was synthesized from recycled waste groundnut oil using transesterification reaction. The properties of biodiesel were examined using ASTM and AOAC official standards. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis revealed the surface area of the adsorbent as 371.88 m2/g and a porosity distribution of 0.567 η on the surface at a pH of 6.1. Batch mode analysis revealed that 97.5% of impurities was removed from waste groundnut oil under one batch process at 80 °C after 4 h with 6 g of the activated coconut husk. Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the experimental data with adsorption capacity of 33.5 mg/g at R2 of 0.996. Adsorption of waste groundnut oil impurities onto activated coconut husk was endothermic, as evidenced by the calculated ΔH of +2.7914 kJ/mol. A high cetane number of 48.4 obtained after transesterification is an indication of the good ignition quality of the obtained recycled waste groundnut oil methyl ester. Kinematic viscosity and acid value were revealed to be 4.65 mm2 S−1 and 0.31 mg KOH/g, while the calorific value stood at 38,053 kJ/kg. GC-MS analysis revealed a complex mixture of fatty acid methyl esters dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (58.78%). Recycling of waste cooking oil in this work using activated coconut husk demonstrated good quality as a regenerating agent. The properties of biodiesel obtained showed that it has all the good qualities comparable to other existing biodiesel based on the ASTM and AOAC official standards. More work on the recycling of other waste cooking oils for green energy synthesis to protect our environment from pollution emanating from the use of conventional petro-diesel and promote energy transition is highly recommended.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666519024000098RecyclingAdsorptionTransesterificationAlternative energy |
| spellingShingle | Christian O. Asadu Benjamin Nnamdi Ekwueme Chinonso Anthony Ezema Thomas O. Onah Innocent Sunday Ike Judith Obioma Ugwuele Chikezie Christian Aka Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell Emmanuel O. Umeagukwu Churchill Chisom Ogbonna Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis Unconventional Resources Recycling Adsorption Transesterification Alternative energy |
| title | Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis |
| title_full | Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis |
| title_short | Recycled waste groundnut oil: A potential feedstock for green energy/biodiesel synthesis |
| title_sort | recycled waste groundnut oil a potential feedstock for green energy biodiesel synthesis |
| topic | Recycling Adsorption Transesterification Alternative energy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666519024000098 |
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