Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant
Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane with the addition of a f...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Fire |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/5/4/105 |
| _version_ | 1797410361255657472 |
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| author | Ji Hun Choi Seung Un Chae Euy Hong Hwang Don Mook Choi |
| author_facet | Ji Hun Choi Seung Un Chae Euy Hong Hwang Don Mook Choi |
| author_sort | Ji Hun Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane with the addition of a flame retardant. The fire propagation properties and fire risks of four commonly used polyurethane materials were examined using three tests. Specifically, ignition properties, flame propagation behavior, and flashover occurrence were probed using full-scale tests, while heat release and fire characteristics were examined using cone calorimeter tests, and the toxicity of gaseous combustion products was assessed using gas toxicity tests. PIR F and PIR B, which contained flame retardants, featured slow flame propagation and a long-lasting residual flame, and PIR F released HCl and Br<sub>2</sub> on combustion. Full-scale tests revealed that although external flame propagation was always accompanied by flashover, irrespective of whether the flame retardant was present, a delay or blockage of energy transfer to the inside was observed for flame-retardant-containing specimens. Apart from checking the safety at the material level, the importance of identifying the actual fire characteristics through a full-scale test was confirmed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:28:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7818160e0f11476cb9e6152e65e38cab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:28:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fire |
| spelling | doaj.art-7818160e0f11476cb9e6152e65e38cab2023-12-03T13:38:20ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552022-07-015410510.3390/fire5040105Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame RetardantJi Hun Choi0Seung Un Chae1Euy Hong Hwang2Don Mook Choi3Department of Equipment System, Fire Protection Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, KoreaDepartment of Fire Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 64, Mado-ro 182beon-gil, Mado-myeon, Hwaseong-si 18544, KoreaDepartment of Equipment System, Fire Protection Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, KoreaDepartment of Equipment System, Fire Protection Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, KoreaPolyurethane material is used as an interior finish and wall cavity insulation. Flame-retardant products may be used for ignition, flame diffusion, and heat-release blocking. A large-scale test was conducted to understand the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane with the addition of a flame retardant. The fire propagation properties and fire risks of four commonly used polyurethane materials were examined using three tests. Specifically, ignition properties, flame propagation behavior, and flashover occurrence were probed using full-scale tests, while heat release and fire characteristics were examined using cone calorimeter tests, and the toxicity of gaseous combustion products was assessed using gas toxicity tests. PIR F and PIR B, which contained flame retardants, featured slow flame propagation and a long-lasting residual flame, and PIR F released HCl and Br<sub>2</sub> on combustion. Full-scale tests revealed that although external flame propagation was always accompanied by flashover, irrespective of whether the flame retardant was present, a delay or blockage of energy transfer to the inside was observed for flame-retardant-containing specimens. Apart from checking the safety at the material level, the importance of identifying the actual fire characteristics through a full-scale test was confirmed.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/5/4/105polyurethane resinpolyisocyanurate resinflame propagation characteristicsfire riskreal fire testfoam |
| spellingShingle | Ji Hun Choi Seung Un Chae Euy Hong Hwang Don Mook Choi Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant Fire polyurethane resin polyisocyanurate resin flame propagation characteristics fire risk real fire test foam |
| title | Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant |
| title_full | Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant |
| title_fullStr | Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant |
| title_short | Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant |
| title_sort | fire propagation characteristics and fire risks of polyurethanes effects of material type foam board and added flame retardant |
| topic | polyurethane resin polyisocyanurate resin flame propagation characteristics fire risk real fire test foam |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/5/4/105 |
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