Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine
With a strong legal basis and regulatory authority, cost-effective transient emission sensors that reflect real-driving emissions are key factors for accomplishing environmental requirements. It is difficult for the existing NO<sub>x</sub> emission monitoring techniques to achieve a bala...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Machines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/10/7/594 |
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| author | Muhammad Yousaf Iqbal Tie Wang Guoxing Li Senxiang Li Guicheng Hu Tiantian Yang Fengshou Gu Mohammed Al-Nehari |
| author_facet | Muhammad Yousaf Iqbal Tie Wang Guoxing Li Senxiang Li Guicheng Hu Tiantian Yang Fengshou Gu Mohammed Al-Nehari |
| author_sort | Muhammad Yousaf Iqbal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With a strong legal basis and regulatory authority, cost-effective transient emission sensors that reflect real-driving emissions are key factors for accomplishing environmental requirements. It is difficult for the existing NO<sub>x</sub> emission monitoring techniques to achieve a balance between accuracy and timeliness. Fundamentally, in-cylinder combustion is the thermodynamic cause of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions and the main excitation source for engine vibration and noise emissions. A novel vibration-based virtual NO<sub>x</sub> sensor is developed based on these critical relationships for real-time NO<sub>x</sub> monitoring. First, the correlation between vibration and NO<sub>x</sub> emission was characterized in-depth. Then, a technique of constructing two-dimensional filters for vibration signals is proposed to extract combustion-related information. A principal component regression (PCR) model for NO<sub>x</sub> prediction was established based on the reconstructed in-cylinder pressure. Finally, the virtual NO<sub>x</sub> sensor is tested and validated on a single-cylinder diesel engine bench. The virtual NO<sub>x</sub> sensor is proven to meet the accuracy requirement of vehicle emission monitoring for both steady-state and transient conditions and has a better frequency response compared to the emission measurement system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:17:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-781c3d467e7a4d149cf91f9e743ec195 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1702 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:17:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Machines |
| spelling | doaj.art-781c3d467e7a4d149cf91f9e743ec1952023-12-03T11:51:20ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022022-07-0110759410.3390/machines10070594Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel EngineMuhammad Yousaf Iqbal0Tie Wang1Guoxing Li2Senxiang Li3Guicheng Hu4Tiantian Yang5Fengshou Gu6Mohammed Al-Nehari7Department of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaWith a strong legal basis and regulatory authority, cost-effective transient emission sensors that reflect real-driving emissions are key factors for accomplishing environmental requirements. It is difficult for the existing NO<sub>x</sub> emission monitoring techniques to achieve a balance between accuracy and timeliness. Fundamentally, in-cylinder combustion is the thermodynamic cause of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions and the main excitation source for engine vibration and noise emissions. A novel vibration-based virtual NO<sub>x</sub> sensor is developed based on these critical relationships for real-time NO<sub>x</sub> monitoring. First, the correlation between vibration and NO<sub>x</sub> emission was characterized in-depth. Then, a technique of constructing two-dimensional filters for vibration signals is proposed to extract combustion-related information. A principal component regression (PCR) model for NO<sub>x</sub> prediction was established based on the reconstructed in-cylinder pressure. Finally, the virtual NO<sub>x</sub> sensor is tested and validated on a single-cylinder diesel engine bench. The virtual NO<sub>x</sub> sensor is proven to meet the accuracy requirement of vehicle emission monitoring for both steady-state and transient conditions and has a better frequency response compared to the emission measurement system.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/10/7/594PCRvibration analysisNO<sub>x</sub> emissionreal-driving emissionsvirtual sensor |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Yousaf Iqbal Tie Wang Guoxing Li Senxiang Li Guicheng Hu Tiantian Yang Fengshou Gu Mohammed Al-Nehari Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine Machines PCR vibration analysis NO<sub>x</sub> emission real-driving emissions virtual sensor |
| title | Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine |
| title_full | Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine |
| title_fullStr | Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine |
| title_short | Development and Validation of a Vibration-Based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring NO<sub>x</sub> Emissions of a Diesel Engine |
| title_sort | development and validation of a vibration based virtual sensor for real time monitoring no sub x sub emissions of a diesel engine |
| topic | PCR vibration analysis NO<sub>x</sub> emission real-driving emissions virtual sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/10/7/594 |
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