A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks
Node localization is one of the most essential features of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Vavarious localization algorithms exist for densely deployed 3-D wireless sensor networks. However, for a sparse 3-D network, range-based localization is still a challenging task because it is difficult to fi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415026/ |
| _version_ | 1797201328245571584 |
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| author | Mazhar Islam Muhammad Ikram Musaed Alhussein Muhammad Sohaib Ayub Muhammad Asad Khan Khursheed Aurangzeb |
| author_facet | Mazhar Islam Muhammad Ikram Musaed Alhussein Muhammad Sohaib Ayub Muhammad Asad Khan Khursheed Aurangzeb |
| author_sort | Mazhar Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Node localization is one of the most essential features of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Vavarious localization algorithms exist for densely deployed 3-D wireless sensor networks. However, for a sparse 3-D network, range-based localization is still a challenging task because it is difficult to find sufficient anchor nodes and distance information among nodes in a sparse 3-D network. To mitigate the sparseness issues in 3-D sensor networks, we present a component-based localization method in this paper in which we split the entire network into small overlapping sub-networks called components and assign local coordinates to each component. Then, we merge these small components to make a globally coordinated system. With a meager anchor ratio, we localize the whole network. We define merging conditions according to the number of common nodes, actual measured distances among nodes, and the calculated distance based on the local coordinates of the nodes. We assess how well our proposed algorithm performs by conducting extensive simulations. The outcomes confirm that the proposed algorithm works comparatively better in a sparse 3-D sensor network than in a densely deployed 3-D sensor network. Our algorithm localizes more than 83% of nodes at a node degree of 10 having 5% anchor ratio; however, other algorithms localize only 18%-79% in the same scenario. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:45:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7835fd694cb548fcbd5d179fa8651695 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:45:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-7835fd694cb548fcbd5d179fa86516952024-04-18T23:00:21ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112519045191810.1109/ACCESS.2024.335888910415026A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor NetworksMazhar Islam0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-3773Muhammad Ikram1Musaed Alhussein2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778Muhammad Sohaib Ayub3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-1545Muhammad Asad Khan4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-6615Khursheed Aurangzeb5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, ChinaHuawei Pakistan, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Telecommunication, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, PakistanDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaNode localization is one of the most essential features of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Vavarious localization algorithms exist for densely deployed 3-D wireless sensor networks. However, for a sparse 3-D network, range-based localization is still a challenging task because it is difficult to find sufficient anchor nodes and distance information among nodes in a sparse 3-D network. To mitigate the sparseness issues in 3-D sensor networks, we present a component-based localization method in this paper in which we split the entire network into small overlapping sub-networks called components and assign local coordinates to each component. Then, we merge these small components to make a globally coordinated system. With a meager anchor ratio, we localize the whole network. We define merging conditions according to the number of common nodes, actual measured distances among nodes, and the calculated distance based on the local coordinates of the nodes. We assess how well our proposed algorithm performs by conducting extensive simulations. The outcomes confirm that the proposed algorithm works comparatively better in a sparse 3-D sensor network than in a densely deployed 3-D sensor network. Our algorithm localizes more than 83% of nodes at a node degree of 10 having 5% anchor ratio; however, other algorithms localize only 18%-79% in the same scenario.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415026/Wireless sensor network3-D localizationcomponent-based localizationpatch and stitching localization |
| spellingShingle | Mazhar Islam Muhammad Ikram Musaed Alhussein Muhammad Sohaib Ayub Muhammad Asad Khan Khursheed Aurangzeb A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks IEEE Access Wireless sensor network 3-D localization component-based localization patch and stitching localization |
| title | A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | component based localization algorithm for sparse 3 d wireless sensor networks |
| topic | Wireless sensor network 3-D localization component-based localization patch and stitching localization |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415026/ |
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